新加坡战略

新加坡战略是一份关于大英帝国的海军国防政策，这个政策涉及到了从1919年到1941年间的一系列的战争计划，计划主旨是在远东进驻一支英国皇家海军舰队，遏止日本南下侵略印度或澳大利亚；为此1919年起英国选定在马六甲海峡东端的新加坡建设舰队基地，此后20年不断强化该地战斗能量。

新加坡战略
反击号战斗巡洋舰带领着她的姐妹舰声望号战斗巡洋舰和其他皇家海军舰艇在1920年代的演习
时期	1919–1942
作战空间	海上

构想

英国想定中，认为和日本的战争会以三阶段进行：一、守卫住新加坡要塞的英军等待英国本土增援舰队抵达；二、舰队北上拯救或夺回香港；三、对日本本土进行海上封锁，重创仰赖海上贸易的日本，迫和对手。反攻日本本土的想法则因不切实际而不在考虑内。但英军没估计到日本愿意投注兵力主动挑战英军，并有击败英军的实力。

巩固新加坡成为英国在1920年代起的远东国防根本，在1937年，就海军上校斯蒂芬·罗斯基尔所言，驻新主力舰队的概念也许是通过反复验证，已犹如圣谕般地不容置疑。但是政治、经济和实行上的困难令这个战略难以成功执行。在20世纪30年代，英国和海外对这项战略批评不断，尤其是澳大利亚常以其为借口来削减自己的国防开支。英国最终实行该战略，在新加坡部署15吋口径大炮，派遣了“Z舰队”驻进新加坡。

失败

1941年12月10日，日本空袭新加坡，威尔士亲王号战列舰和反击号战斗巡洋舰北上拦截日本舰队，却在马来亚海战被日军飞机用鱼雷击沉，日军同时在马来半岛长驱直进，防守的英军毫无招架之力，吉隆坡及槟城相继失守，英军不断后撤到马来半岛南端的柔佛，及后经长堤撤退至新加坡。1942年2月8日，日军进攻新加坡，新加坡战役爆发，日军用不足一星期时间攻占半个新加坡，因为粮食及淡水开始短缺，负责新加坡防守的最高指挥官白思华决定停战，于2月15日带领超过八万人的英军向日军投降，被温斯顿·丘吉尔称其为“英国历史上最严重的灾难和最大规模的投降”，大部分投降英军死于日军劳役及疾病。

参见

• 新加坡海军基地
• 橘色战争计划

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