费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德

费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德船长[1][2][3]葡萄牙语:Fernão Pires de AndradeFernão Perez de Andrade,?—1552年),[1]葡萄牙商人及官员。他于满剌加总督及探险家阿方索·德·阿尔布克尔克旗下效力。

生平 编辑

安笃拉笃与明朝1517年(明正德十二年八月)的交涉,得到两广总督陈金许可进入广州;不久这批包括安笃拉笃的葡萄牙人被明朝命令驱逐。这次交涉为近代中国与近代欧洲接触的开端。[4]拉斐尔·佩雷斯特雷洛前往广州贸易后带回的报告后,安德拉德决定改变原先前往孟加拉的计划,改道中国为开拓葡中之间的贸易和外交往来但当使者。他被称为“佛朗机”(Folangji)。在明朝的史籍中,外语“Folangji”一词来自另一个词“Franques”——一个来自回教徒对欧洲人的称呼。

费尔南之弟是西芒·德·安德拉德葡萄牙语Simão_de_Andrade

参见 编辑

备注 编辑

  1. ^ :香港电台广播节目《中华五千年第四百八十六集·佛郎机东来》当中费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德船长以粤语翻译作甲必丹·费南·佩剌·安笃拉笃。《明史》有“佛郎机,近满剌加。正德中,据满剌加地,逐其王。十三年遣使臣加必丹末等贡方物,请封,始知其名。”的记载。
  2. ^ :有的文献翻译成佛芒·佩雷玆·德·安德拉德
  3. ^1911年版大英百科全书写作Fernão Pires de Andrade
  4. ^ :香港电台广播节目《中华五千年第四百八十六集·佛郎机东来》。节目提及佩雷斯火者亚三、安德拉德、两广总督大人等人,满剌加屯门等地。
  1. ^ Andrade, Fernão Peres de, -1552. Library of Congress Name Authority File. [2018-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-16). 

延伸阅读 编辑

  • Brook, Timothy. (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22154-0 (Paperback).
  • Dames, Mansel Longworth. (2002) The Book of Duarte Barbosa. New Delhi: J. Jelley; Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0451-2
  • Dion, Mark. "Sumatra through Portuguese Eyes: Excerpts from João de Barros' 'Decadas da Asia'," Indonesia (Volume 9, 1970): 128–162.
  • Douglas, Robert Kennaway. (2006). Europe and the Far East. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 0-543-93972-3.
  • Madureira, Luis. "Tropical Sex Fantasies and the Ambassador's Other Death: The Difference in Portuguese Colonialism," Cultural Critique (Number 28; Fall of 1994): 149–173.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
  • Nowell, Charles E. "The Discovery of the Pacific: A Suggested Change of Approach," The Pacific Historical Review (Volume XVI, Number 1; February, 1947): 1–10.
  • Williams, S. Wells. (1897). A History of China: Being the Historical Chapters From "The Middle Kingdom". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
  • Wills, John E., Jr. (1998). "Relations with Maritime Europe, 1514–1662," in The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2, 333–375. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24333-5.
  • Wolff, Robert S. "Da Gama's Blundering: Trade Encounters in Africa and Asia during the European 'Age of Discovery,' 1450-1520," The History Teacher (Volume 31, Number 3; May 1998): 297–318.

外部链接 编辑