不应期 (性)

不应期（英语：refractory period），俗称圣人模式（日语：賢者タイム，直译“贤者时间”），是人类性行为中的一个概念，指男性射精过后因阴茎感觉阈限（penile sensory threshold，PST）增加而出现的对性刺激不再有反应的一段间歇时间，使男性无法完成连续多次性高潮。^[1]

男性不应期的长短因人而异，从数分钟到数日不等。^[2]^[3]^[4]大多数人在不应期内无法勃起，许多人会产生心理上的满足感，暂时失去对性行为的兴趣。在此段时间内如有更多的性刺激，反而可能会产生不适感。^[5]^[4]射精时催产素的大量分泌被认为是男性不应期的主要原因，其分泌量会影响不应期的长短。^[6]除催产素外，催乳素也是出现不应期的原因之一，它可以抑制性兴奋时会产生的多巴胺的分泌。^[5]^[7]有研究发现，能够抑制催乳素的卡麦角林（英语：cabergoline）可以消除不应期，使男性能在短时间内多次射精。不过由于这种药物会影响人体的激素分泌，有许多潜在的副作用，尚未被批准用于治疗性功能障碍。^[8]

一般认为女性没有不应期、可以达成多重性高潮^[5]^[2]，但亦有研究认为女性与男性一样会有不应期。^[3]^[4]

参见

参考文献

^ Yilmaz, U.; Aksu, M. The postejaculatory refractory period: a neurophysiological study in the human male. BJU International. 2000-09-01, 85 (9): 1093–1096 [2017-07-13]. ISSN 1464-410X. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00657.x. （原始内容存档于2017-09-09）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 The Sexual Response Cycle. University of California, Santa Barbara. [6 August 2012]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-25）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Daniel L. Schacter, Daniel T. Gilbert, Daniel M. Wegner. Psychology. Macmillan. 2010: 336 [November 10, 2012]. ISBN 1429237198.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Irving B. Weiner, W. Edward Craighead. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume 2. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 761 [November 10, 2012]. ISBN 0470170263. （原始内容存档于2013-06-23）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Rosenthal, Martha. Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society. Cengage Learning. 2012: 134–135 [September 17, 2012]. ISBN 9780618755714. （原始内容存档于2013-06-14）.
^ Panksepp, Jaak (2004). Textbook of biological psychiatry. Wiley-IEEE. p. 129.
^ Haake, P.; Exton, M.S.; Haverkamp, J.; Krämer, M.; Leygraf, N.; Hartmann, U.; Schedlowski, M.; Krueger, T.H.C. Absence of orgasm-induced prolactin secretion in a healthy multi-orgasmic male subject. International Journal of Impotence Research. April 2002, 14 (2): 133–135. PMID 11979330. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900823.
^ Krüger TH, Haake P, Haverkamp J, et al. Effects of acute prolactin manipulation on sexual drive and function in males. The Journal of Endocrinology. December 2003, 179 (3): 357–65. PMID 14656205. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1790357.

[1] Yilmaz, U.; Aksu, M. The postejaculatory refractory period: a neurophysiological study in the human male. BJU International. 2000-09-01, 85 (9): 1093–1096 [2017-07-13]. ISSN 1464-410X. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00657.x. （原始内容存档于2017-09-09）（英语）.

[SOC-2] 2.0 ^2.1 The Sexual Response Cycle. University of California, Santa Barbara. [6 August 2012]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-25）.

[Schacter-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Daniel L. Schacter, Daniel T. Gilbert, Daniel M. Wegner. Psychology. Macmillan. 2010: 336 [November 10, 2012]. ISBN 1429237198.

[Weiner_&_Craighead-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Irving B. Weiner, W. Edward Craighead. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume 2. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 761 [November 10, 2012]. ISBN 0470170263. （原始内容存档于2013-06-23）.

[Rosenthal-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Rosenthal, Martha. Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society. Cengage Learning. 2012: 134–135 [September 17, 2012]. ISBN 9780618755714. （原始内容存档于2013-06-14）.

[6] Panksepp, Jaak (2004). Textbook of biological psychiatry. Wiley-IEEE. p. 129.

[Haake-7] Haake, P.; Exton, M.S.; Haverkamp, J.; Krämer, M.; Leygraf, N.; Hartmann, U.; Schedlowski, M.; Krueger, T.H.C. Absence of orgasm-induced prolactin secretion in a healthy multi-orgasmic male subject. International Journal of Impotence Research. April 2002, 14 (2): 133–135. PMID 11979330. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900823.

[Prolactin-8] Krüger TH, Haake P, Haverkamp J, et al. Effects of acute prolactin manipulation on sexual drive and function in males. The Journal of Endocrinology. December 2003, 179 (3): 357–65. PMID 14656205. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1790357.

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