八鲁湾之战
八鲁湾之战是花剌子模对蒙古战争中唯一胜仗，发生于1221年。
发生在阿富汗加兹尼附近的小村庄八鲁湾，花剌子模指挥官是札兰丁，蒙古方面则是失吉忽秃忽。蒙古军约七万人，其中大部分是骑兵，札兰丁的兵力则达到了四万人，大多为步兵，其中有三万多人来自阿富汗。
战斗发生在一个狭窄的山谷，不适合骑兵行动，第一天花剌子模派出弓箭手且指示下马，兵分两翼放箭击退蒙古军，而蒙古军则因地形狭窄无法使出战术，第二天蒙古军试图以草人诱敌但没有成功，第三天蒙古军在花剌子模放箭时诈败撤去，成功诱敌反攻杀了五百人，但札兰丁见状便上前线追击蒙古军，以致蒙古军败退并折损一半以上的兵力。但在战后当晚札兰丁的岳父和阿富汗酋长起内哄，争论谁来养一匹在战斗中发现的蒙古白马，札兰丁支持其岳父，之后军队分裂，许多阿富汗人都离开了，第二天札兰丁向东撤退，随后被成吉斯汗派出更强劲的追兵所迫逃亡印度。
注脚 编辑
- ^ Dupuy & Dupuy 1993，第366页.
- ^ Şahin. M. A "Resurrectıon Story: War Of Parwan", Turkish Studies – International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, ISSN: 1308-2140, Volume 11/16 Fall 2016,
- ^ De Hartog 2004.
- ^ Mclynn, Frank (2015). Genghis Khan His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. Da Capo Press. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-306-82396-1.
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A violent dispute arose between Ighrak and Temur Melik over the distribution of the booty and, in particular, over possession of a treasured white horse...
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He actually succeeded in routing a Mongol detachment at Parwan near Kabul in Afghanistan , 39 an event which raised many false hopes and led to fatal uprisings against Mongol rule in Mery , Herat and elsewhere in the autumn of 1221 .