功能性灭绝
某物種已無法維持繁衍,種群不再延續,但最後的個體尚未確認死亡
功能性灭绝(英语:functional extinction)是指一个物种或分类单元已达以下状况:
- 化石记录已消失,或是已经找不到其存在的证据;[1]
- 种群大小减少到无法于生态系统中维持有意义的功能;[2][3][4]
- 种群大小已不再可持续,其中已经没有个体可以进行繁殖,或者种群过小,近交衰退和遗传漂变会不可避免地导致适应度降低。[5]
在IUCN红色名录中,一个不再有最近观察纪录、已经功能性灭绝的物种,除非真的确定最后一只个体已死亡,否则会被归类为极危物种(critically endangered)。
近代功能性灭绝物种
编辑奇蹄目
编辑偶蹄目
编辑䴕形目
编辑- Campephilus principalis-象牙喙啄木鸟
真盲缺目
编辑- Crocidura trichura-圣诞岛白齿鼩
食肉目
编辑- Panthera tigris amoyensis-南中国虎(华南虎)
龟鳖目
编辑- Rafetus swinhoei-斑鳖
雁形目
编辑鲱形目
编辑- Tenualosa reevesii-鲥
鲤形目
编辑- Luciobrama macrocephalus-鯮
-
Ceratotherium simum cottoni-北白犀
-
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni-婆罗犀
-
Eubalaena glacialis-北大西洋露脊鲸
-
Campephilus principalis-象牙喙啄木鸟
-
Panthera tigris amoyensis-华南虎
-
Rafetus swinhoei-斑鳖
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑- ^ Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 1999. Edited by R.D.E. MacPhee, Hans-Dieter Sues. page 202.
- ^ What is the link between biodiversity and ecosystem services?. Scientific Facts on Biodiversity. [2006-12-16]. (原始内容存档于2006-09-30).
- ^ Säterberg, Torbjörn; Sellman, Stefan; Ebenman, Bo. High frequency of functional extinctions in ecological networks. Nature. 2013-07-25, 499 (7459): 468–470. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..468S. PMID 23831648. doi:10.1038/nature12277 .
- ^ Yoshida, Kate Shaw. Not yet gone, but effectively extinct. arstechnica. 2013-07-12 [2019-05-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-25).
But there is another type, called “functional extinction,” which takes a more ecological approach. Some scientists argue that the threshold for extinction should not be the complete disappearance of a species, but instead the point at which there aren’t enough individuals left in that species to perform whatever roles it was playing in the ecosystem.
- ^ Novak, Ben Jacob. De-Extinction. Genes. 2018-11-13, 9 (11). 548. PMC 6265789 . PMID 30428542. doi:10.3390/genes9110548 .