卢森尼亚人
卢森尼亚人(Rusyns),在乌克兰被称作喀尔巴阡-卢森尼亚人、喀尔巴阡-罗斯人。与鲁塞尼亚人经常混同,是东斯拉夫人的一支,在乌克兰视为乌克兰人的一个分支。以卢森尼亚语为母语。目前全球卢森尼亚人口约为500,000人。而斯洛伐克、乌克兰、罗马尼亚、波兰等地为卢森尼亚人口数较高的地区。斯洛伐克目前约有31,000卢森尼亚人,主要分布于东部及东北部。大部分卢森尼亚人信奉鲁塞尼亚希腊礼天主教会,在美国的许多卢森尼亚人则在19世纪因受拉丁礼天主教敌视而回归正教会。卢森尼亚(Rusynia)一词的词根与俄罗斯(Russia)一词的词根同出于罗斯(rus)一词,可见东斯拉夫民族间的历史渊源。
Руси́ни | |
---|---|
![]() 卢森尼亚旗帜 ![]() 卢森尼亚徽章 | |
总人口 | |
623,500[1] | |
分布地区 | |
![]() | 33,482[2] |
![]() | 14,246[3] |
![]() | 10,183[4] |
![]() | 8,934 [note 1][5] |
![]() | 2,879[6] |
![]() | 2,342[7] |
![]() | 1,109[8] |
![]() | 638–10,531 [note 2][9] |
![]() | 200–4090 [note 3][10][11][12] |
语言 | |
卢森尼亚语 · 乌克兰语 · 斯洛伐克语 · 塞尔维亚语 | |
宗教信仰 | |
东仪天主教会(多数鲁塞尼亚礼天主教会)和正教会(少数俄罗斯正教会及塞尔维亚正教会) | |
相关族群 | |
其他乌克兰族(博伊科人 胡楚尔人 · 兰科人) |
注解
编辑- ^ Respondents in the U.S. census identified as Carpatho Rusyn
- ^ According to the 2011 Polish census, 10,531 respondents identified as 兰科人, separately from Rusyns.
- ^ While an estimated 200 people identified themselves as "Rusyns" in 2011, in the 2002 Romanian census, 3,890 people identified as 胡楚尔人 (Romanian: Huțuli; Rusyn Hutsuly) – a minority whose members often identifiy or are regarded as a subgroup of the Rusyns. A further 61,091 Romanian citizens identified as Ukrainian (Romanian: Ucraineni). As the archaic 内名与外名 "鲁塞尼亚人" was applied indiscriminately to both Rusyns and Ukrainians, some Ukrainian-Romanians may also regard themselves as Rusyns in the sense of a subgroup of a broader Ukrainian identity.
注释
编辑- ^ Rusyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2020)
- ^ Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts (PDF). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2011 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-17) (斯洛伐克语).
- ^ Становништво према националној припадности [Population by ethnicity]. Serbian Republic Institute of Statistics. [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-22) (塞尔维亚语).
- ^ Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова [Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language]. ukrcensus.gov.ua. 2001 [4 March 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04) (乌克兰语). Карта говорiв української мови (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 10.10.2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 10.10.2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 10.10.2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10.10.2008.
- ^ Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates. 美国普查局. [November 30, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-12).
- ^ STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA NARODNOSTI, PO GRADOVIMA/OPĆINAMA, POPIS 2001 [Population by ethnicity in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census]. State Institute for Statistics of the 克罗地亚. [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-19) (克罗地亚语).
- ^ Vukovich, Gabriella. Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok [2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data] (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Budapest). 2018 [9 January 2019]. ISBN 978-963-235-542-9. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-08) (匈牙利语).
- ^ Rusínská národnostní menšina. [18 March 2015]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-10).
- ^ Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna [State and structure of the social demographics of the population] (PDF). Central Statistical Office of Poland: 91. 2013 [14 April 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-18) (波兰语).
- ^ Moser, Michael. "Rusyn". Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi & Catherine Gibson (编). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Basingstoke UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016: 132 (英语).
- ^ Populaţia după etnie (PDF). Institutul Naţional de Statistică. [2011-10-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24) (罗马尼亚语).
- ^ Date naţionale. Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank. [2011-10-28]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-29) (罗马尼亚语).
参考文献
编辑- Litwin, Henryk. Catholicization among the Ruthenian Nobility and Assimilation Processes' in the Ukraine during the Years 1569-1648 (PDF). Acta Poloniae Historica. 1987, 55: 57–83 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-24).
- Pekar, Athanasius B. The Bishops of the Eparchy of Mukachevo, with Historical Outlines. Pittsburgh: Byzantine Seminary Pres. 1979 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-19).
- Rychlík, Jan; Rychlíková, Magdaléna. Podkarpatská Rus v dějinách Československa 1918–1946. Praha: Vyšehrad. 2016 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Véghseő, Tamás. Reflections on the Background to the Union of Uzhhorod / Ungvár (1646) (PDF). Eastern Theological Journal. 2015, 1 (1): 147–181 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-24).
延伸阅读
编辑- Bidermann, Hermann Ignaz. Die ungarischen Ruthenen, ihr Wohngebiet, ihr Erwerb und ihre Geschichte 1. Innsbruck: Wagnersche Universitäts-Buchhandlung. 1862 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Bidermann, Hermann Ignaz. Die ungarischen Ruthenen, ihr Wohngebiet, ihr Erwerb und ihre Geschichte 2. Innsbruck: Wagnersche Universitäts-Buchhandlung. 1867 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Bonkáló, Alexander. The Rusyns. New York: Columbia University Press. 1990 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Chlebowski, Cezary. Wachlarz: Monografia wydzielonej organizacji dywersyjnej Armii Krajowej: wrzesien 1941-marzec 1943. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax. 1983 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Dyrud, Keith P. The Quest for the Rusyn Soul: The Politics of Religion and Culture in Eastern Europe and in America, 1890-World War I. Philadelphia: Balch Institute Press. 1992 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Golovatsky, Yakov. Zustände der Russinen in Gallizien: Ein Wort zur Zeit. Leipzig: Slawische Buchhandlung. 1846 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Lansdowne, Alan. Is there a credible case for Rusyn National Self-Determination in Ukraine?. MA Thesis. London: School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies. 2008.
- Mayer, Maria. Rusyns of Hungary: Political and Social Developments, 1860-1910. New York: Columbia University Press. 1997 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Magocsi, Paul R. An Historiographical Guide to Subcarpathian Rus' (PDF). Austrian History Yearbook. 1973, 9: 201–265 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-12-05).
- Magocsi, Paul R. The Ruthenian Decision to Unite with Czechoslovakia (PDF). Slavic Review. 1975, 34 (2): 360–381 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-04-28).
- Magocsi, Paul R. The Shaping of a National Identity: Subcarpathian Rus', 1848-1948. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1978 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-27).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Galicia: A Historical Survey and Bibliographic Guide. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1983 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-27).
- Magocsi, Paul R. The Carpatho-Rusyn Americans 1. New York-Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. 1988 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-16).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Carpatho-Rusyn Studies: An Annotated Bibliography, 1975-1984 1. New York: Garland. 1988 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-27).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Carpatho-Rusyn Studies: An Annotated Bibliography, 1985-1994 2. New York: Columbia University Press. 1998 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Carpatho-Rusyn Studies: An Annotated Bibliography, 1995-1999 3. New York: Columbia University Press. 2006 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Carpatho-Rusyn Studies: An Annotated Bibliography, 2000-2004 4. New York: Columbia University Press. 2011 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Carpatho-Rusyn Studies: An Annotated Bibliography, 2005-2009 5. New York: Columbia University Press. 2013 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Magyars and Carpatho-Rusyns: On the Seventieth Anniversary of the Founding of Czechoslovakia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 1990, 14 (3-4): 427–460 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Magocsi, Paul R. The Rusyns of Slovakia: An Historical Survey. New York: Columbia University Press. 1993 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-30).
- Magocsi, Paul R. (编). A New Slavic Language Is Born: The Rusyn Literary Language of Slovakia. New York: Columbia University Press. 1996.
- Magocsi, Paul R. Of the Making of Nationalities There is no End 1. New York: Columbia University Press. 1999.
- Magocsi, Paul R. Of the Making of Nationalities There is no End 2. New York: Columbia University Press. 1999.
- Magocsi, Paul R. The Roots of Ukrainian Nationalism: Galicia as Ukraine's Piedmont. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2002 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Magocsi, Paul R.; Pop, Ivan I. (编). Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2002 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-20).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Our people: Carpatho-Rusyns and their Descendants in North America 4. rev. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. 2005 [1984] [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Magocsi, Paul R. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples 2. rev. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2010 [1996] [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-19).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Carpathian Rus': Interethnic Coexistence without Violence. Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands. Bloomington-Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 2013: 449–462 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-14).
- Magocsi, Paul R. With Their Backs to the Mountains: A History of Carpathian Rus' and Carpatho-Rusyns. Budapest-New York: Central European University Press. 2015 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-08).
- Magocsi, Paul R. Historical Atlas of Central Europe 3. rev. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2018 [1993] [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-19).
- Petrov, Aleksei L. Magocsi, Paul R. , 编. Medieval Carpathian Rus': The Oldest Documentation About the Carpatho-Rusyn Church and Eparchy. New York: Columbia University Press. 1998 [1930] [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Rusinko, Elaine. Straddling Borders: Literature and Identity in Subcarpathian Rus'. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2003 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).
- Shandor, Vikentiĭ. Carpatho-Ukraine in the Twentieth Century: A Political and Legal History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1997 [2019-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15).