罗奇福德子爵乔治·博林
第二代罗奇福德子爵乔治·博林(George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford;约1503年[1]/1504年4月[2]至1536年5月17日)是一名英格兰贵族,安妮·博林的弟弟。他是1530年代英格兰朝廷中的重要成员,后因被控与姐姐安妮通奸让而被处决。
乔治·博林 | |
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罗奇福德子爵 | |
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出生 | 约1503年 诺福克郡布利克林庄园 |
逝世 | 1536年5月17日 伦敦塔丘 |
墓地 | 伦敦塔锁链中的圣彼得皇家礼拜堂 51°30′31″N 0°04′37″W / 51.508611°N 0.076944°W |
贵族 | 博林家族 |
配偶 | 罗奇福德子爵夫人简·博林 |
父亲 | 第一代威尔特郡伯爵托马斯·博林 |
母亲 | 威尔特伯爵夫人伊丽莎白·博林 |
生平
编辑他是托马斯·博林和伊丽莎白·霍华德唯一的儿子,出生于诺福克郡布利克林庄园,但在肯特郡海韦尔城堡度过大部分童年。这是他的祖父威廉·博林的财产,他们家在1505年搬到这里[3]。托马斯和伊丽莎白生了很多孩子,但只有玛丽、安妮和乔治活到了成年。
他十岁时在圣诞节上被父亲带领晋见亨利八世。他早年大部分时间待在英格兰,但也可能曾随当大使的父亲一道前往法国,因此能说一口流利的法语[4]。1525年左右,他与简·帕克结婚[5]。二人婚后可能并无子嗣[6]。
1522年4月,作为他18岁的生日礼物,他和父亲一起获赐肯特郡的大量地产[7]。1524年他首次以个人名义获得赏赐(Grimston Manor)[8]。这显示他当时已经是国王的宠臣。枢密院的记录显示,他常和国王一起打草地滚球、网球、纸牌、射箭。二人一起打猎时曾互相以巨额资金打赌(赌博是当时欧洲贵族间常见的娱乐方式[9]),互有胜负[9]。
1525年,他成为国王的贴身随从(Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber)。六个月后,他在托马斯·沃尔西清除异己时遭免职,随即在1526年1月被任命为皇家斟酒人(Cup-bearer),加20镑年金[10]。
1528年,他又获得Esquire of the Body、Master of the King's Buckhounds等头衔[11]。1529年2月1日,他成为比尤利宫总管[12]。1529年7月29日,他又成为伯利恒医院院长[13]。
他在1529年年末获封骑士,重新成为贴身随从。自当年12月开始,他冠上罗奇福德子爵的头衔,他的父亲则被封为威尔特郡伯爵和奥蒙德伯爵,同时,他首次作为英格兰大使出使法兰西[14]。
他迅速获得了弗朗索瓦一世的青睐,出使十分顺利。随后的岁月中,他又五度出使法兰西[15]。最后一次是在1535年5月,当时是为了法王的第三子查理和他的外甥女伊丽莎白公主说亲[16]。
自1529年末至被处决之前,他曾参与英格兰宗教改革,强调君主权力的至高无上[17]。1535年,他参与了对托马斯·摩尔和三名加尔都西会僧侣的审判,在5月4日僧侣们处刑时也在场[18][19]。
1534年6月,他获封五港总督,驻扎于多佛尔城堡[20],与托马斯·克伦威尔敌对[21]。
处决
编辑受姐姐安妮·博林牵连,克伦威尔控告他和其他四人与安妮有染[22][23][24]。乔治本来应该在1536年4月23日获得嘉德勋章,但也随之落空[25]。5月2日,他和姐姐安妮一起被捕。虽然缺乏实际的通奸证据,他仍被判处英式车裂,不过最后在1536年5月17日处刑时,是处以斩首之刑。他死前发表了一场很长的演说,他不屑与去为通奸罪辩护,转而宣扬自己在改革中的功绩,围观群众大多沉默不语,并未像往常一样奚落这名受刑者[26]。
脚注
编辑- ^ Lindsey 1995,第xv页
- ^ Ives 2005
- ^ Ives 2005,第3, 14–15页.
- ^ Bapst 1891
- ^ Richardson II 2011,第460页.
- ^ Ellis 1824,第67–68页 Jane's letter to Cromwell
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,3, 2214(29).
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,4, 546(2).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Nicolas 1827
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,4, 1939(14).
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,4, 4779.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,4, 5248.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,4, 5815(27).
- ^ Du Bellay I 1969,第105页.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,4, 6073.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,8, 663, 666, 726, 909.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,5, 1022.
- ^ Calendar of State Papers, Spain,5(1), 156, 166.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,8, 609, 666, 726, 974.
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,7, 922(16).
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,7, 1478.
- ^ Calendar of State Papers, Spain 5(2), 61, and footnote 1 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,10, 1069.
- ^ Lipscomb 2013,第23页
- ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII,10, 715, 752.
- ^ 演说版本有很多,见:Wriothesley's Chronicle, pp. 39–40, Thomas, The Pilgrim, pp. 116–117, Chronicle of Calais, pp. 46–47, Constantine in Archaeologia 23, pp. 64-66. 其中最详细的是Excerpta Historica, pp. 261-265
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