多种微量营养素补充剂

多种微量营养素补充剂
临床资料
其他名称	联合国国际多种微量营养素产前制剂

多种微量营养素补充剂（Multiple MicroNutrient, MMN）是怀孕期使用的一种产前补充剂（英语：Prenatal supplement）^[1]，也算是一种复合维生素。在发展中国家，与单纯补充铁剂和叶酸相比，婴儿的发育结果更好^[1] ^[3]。对孕期贫血（英语：Anemia in pregnancy）患者而言，效益也较佳^[2]。

安全性很高^[2]。若儿童一次服用多量，可能造成铁中毒^[4]。其中一种配方，联合国国际多种微量营养素产前制剂（United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation，UNIMMAP），含有定量的 15 种维生素和必需矿物质^[5] ^[2]。虽然还有其他配方，但全都含铁和叶酸^[3]。维生素C和维生素A能促进铁质的吸收^[3]。

多种微量营养素补充剂是 1999 年由联合国儿童基金会、联合国大学和世界卫生组织制定的配方^[3]。已名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单^[6]。比单独的铁和叶酸补充剂贵一些，每剂约 0.01 至 0.02 美元^[5] ^[2]。但在发展中国家，服用仍具明显的成本效益^[2]。目前，已有 18 个国家使用，自2023年起有更多国家考虑采用^[7]。

剂量

每剂包含^[8]：

维生素A 800 mcg retinol activity equivalent
维生素C 70 mg
维生素D 5 mcg (200 IU)
维生素E 10 mg alpha tocopherol equivalent
硫胺 (B1) 1.4 mg
核黄素 (B2) 1.4 mg
维生素B3 18 mg niacin equivalent
维生素B6 1.9 mg
叶酸 400 mcg
维生素B12 2.6 mcg
铁 30 mg
碘 150 mcg
锌 15 mg
硒 65 mcg
铜 2 mg

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. www.cochrane.org. [5 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于10 August 2022）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation. Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies. [5 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于13 September 2023）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Keats, EC; Haider, BA; Tam, E; Bhutta, ZA. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 14 March 2019, 3 (3): CD004905. PMID 30873598. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub6.
^ Huffman, Sandra L.; Baker, Jean; Shumann, Jill; Zehner, Elizabeth R. The Case for Promoting Multiple Vitamin And Mineral Supplements for Women of Reproductive Age in Developing Countries. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. January 1999, 20 (4): 379–394. doi:10.1177/156482659902000401.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION An approach to improving the quality of nutrition care for mothers and preventing low birthweight. UNICEF. [2 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于31 May 2023）.
^ World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
^ Countries Archive. Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies. [5 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于27 May 2023）.
^ eEML - Electronic Essential Medicines List. list.essentialmeds.org. [2 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于4 June 2023）.

[Co2023-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. www.cochrane.org. [5 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于10 August 2022）（英语）.

[HM2023-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation. Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies. [5 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于13 September 2023）.

[Kea2019-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Keats, EC; Haider, BA; Tam, E; Bhutta, ZA. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 14 March 2019, 3 (3): CD004905. PMID 30873598. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub6.

[4] Huffman, Sandra L.; Baker, Jean; Shumann, Jill; Zehner, Elizabeth R. The Case for Promoting Multiple Vitamin And Mineral Supplements for Women of Reproductive Age in Developing Countries. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. January 1999, 20 (4): 379–394. doi:10.1177/156482659902000401.

[UN2023-5] 5.0 ^5.1 MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION An approach to improving the quality of nutrition care for mothers and preventing low birthweight. UNICEF. [2 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于31 May 2023）.

[WHO23rd-6] World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.

[7] Countries Archive. Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies. [5 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于27 May 2023）.

[8] EML - Electronic Essential Medicines List. list.essentialmeds.org. [2 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于4 June 2023）.

[1]

[3]

[2]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]