市民 (社会阶级)

市民(英语:burgher)是中世纪近代欧洲部分城镇居民的阶级或头衔。这一群体一般享有一定特权,如享有参政权、可从事特定职业、免于徭役。市民身份的获取条件因国家和城市而异[1]

《市民肖像》,由小卢卡斯·弗朗索瓦荷兰语Lucas Franchoys de Jongere绘于约1660年

在部分语言中,本意为“市民”的词后来有了“中产者”、“资产者”的含义,如法语的“bourgeois”、德语的“Bürger”。

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ Deboeck, Guido J. Flemish DNA & Ancestry: History of Three Families Over Five. 2007. ISBN 0972552677. Those who lived outside the city could still become burghers but they would be 'buiten-poorters' or outside burghers. The way to become a burgher was different from town to town and city to city; some cities required registration ....