干扰因素
(重定向自干擾變因)
干扰因素(英语:confounder、confound或confounding variable),又称为干扰因子、干扰变量、混淆变量、共变因等,在统计学和因果关系中是指会同时影响自变量和因变量,导致出现伪关系的一种变量。在不严谨的语境下,干扰因子也可以指所有未知变量(lurking variable),包括中介变因和对撞变因。干扰因子会造成伪关系,是相关不蕴涵因果的原因之一。[1][2][3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Confounder_mediator_collider.svg/220px-Confounder_mediator_collider.svg.png)
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑- ^ Pearl, J., (2009). Simpson's Paradox, Confounding, and Collapsibility In Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference (2nd ed.). New York : Cambridge University Press.
- ^ VanderWeele, T.J.; Shpitser, I. On the definition of a confounder. Annals of Statistics. 2013, 41 (1): 196–220. PMC 4276366 . PMID 25544784. arXiv:1304.0564 . doi:10.1214/12-aos1058.
- ^ Greenland, S.; Robins, J. M.; Pearl, J. Confounding and Collapsibility in Causal Inference. Statistical Science. 1999, 14 (1): 29–46. doi:10.1214/ss/1009211805 .