收复的领土
收复的领土（波兰语：Ziemie Odzyskane）是一个地理词汇，指二战之后波兰人民共和国自德国获得的领土。波兰政府自战后自1949年期间曾广泛使用这一词汇。德国则称这一片领土为德国前东部领土[1]。战后西德不承认放弃德国前东部领土的主权，但在1990年两德统一，德国与波兰签订德波国境条约之后，德国和波兰的国境问题已完全解决。
“收复”这一词本身带有强烈的宣传含义[2]。这一带领土在中世纪时期曾有部分属皮雅斯特王朝，波兰人民共和国当局通过“收复”一词宣传自己是皮雅斯特王朝的正当继承者[1][3][4][5][6]。而这一地区的德国文化传统直到1989年波兰民主化之前都被波兰当局否定[7]。不过在1949年后，波兰当局为了强调这一片领土并不具特殊性，不再使用“收复的领土”这一词汇。
参考文献 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 An explanation note in "The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy Over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ed. by Polonsky and Michlic, p.466
- ^ Tomasz Kamusella and Terry Sullivan in Karl Cordell, Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe, 1999, p.169: "[the term "recovered territories" was] christened so by the Polish communist-cum-nationalist propaganda", ISBN 0415173124, 9780415173124
- ^ Joanna B. Michlic, Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present, 2006, pp.207-208, ISBN 0803232403, 9780803232402
- ^ Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, 2005, pp.381ff, ISBN 0199253404, 9780199253401
- ^ Geoffrey Hosking, George Schopflin, Myths and Nationhood, 1997, p.153, ISBN 0415919746, 9780415919746
- ^ Jan Kubik, The Power of Symbols Against the Symbols of Power: The Rise of Solidarity and the Fall of State Socialism in Poland, 1994, pp.64-65, ISBN 0271010843, 9780271010847
- ^ Karl Cordell, Stefan Wolff, Germany's Foreign Policy Towards Poland and the Czech Republic: Ostpolitik Revisited, 2005, ISBN 0415369746, 9780415369749, p.139 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: "In addition [...] it has been relatively easy for Polish historians and others to attempt to debunk communist historiography and present a more balanced analysis of the past - and not only with respect to Germany. It has been controversial, and often painful, but nevertheless it has been done. For example, Poland's acquisition in 1945 of eastern German territories is increasingly presented as the price Germany paid for launching a total war, and then having lost it totally. The 'recovered territories' thesis previously applied in almost equal measures by the communists and Catholic Church has been discarded. It is freely admitted in some circles that on the whole 'the recovered territorries' in fact had a wholly German character. The extent to which this fact is transmitted to other groups than the socially and politically engaged is a matter for some debate.