政治极化

在政治领域，政治极化是指群体政治态度在意识形态方面偏离中间派，走向“极端化”的过程^[1]^[2]^[3]。

一般而言，政治学中大多数关于政治极化的讨论都是在具有多个政党和保有民主政府制度的背景下考虑的，在大多数两党制国家中，政治极化是该国二元政治意识形态对立的体现^[4]^[5]。然而，一些政治学家断言，当代政治极化可能较少取决于左翼-右翼维度的政策差异，而是越来越多地取决于其他分歧，如宗教对世俗，民族主义对国际主义，传统对现代，或农村对城市^[6]。

参见

议会暴力
南绿北蓝
红州与蓝州
英国红墙
波兰A和B
韩国地域对立
乌克兰地域对立
“回声室效应”，网络算法上导致社群网络中出过滤气泡，俗称社群同温层。
仇恨言论

参考文献

^ DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany. Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized? (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 1 November 1996, 102 (3): 690–755 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1086/230995. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.
^ Baldassarri, Delia; Gelman, Andrew. Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion. American Journal of Sociology. 1 September 2008, 114 (2): 408–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.255  . S2CID 222436264. doi:10.1086/590649.
^ Fiorina, Morris P.; Abrams, Samuel J. Political Polarization in the American Public. Annual Review of Political Science. 1 June 2008, 11 (1): 563–588. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836.
^ Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. Is Polarization a Myth?. The Journal of Politics. 27 March 2008, 70 (2): 542 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608080493. （原始内容存档于2021-03-17）.
^ Bafumi, Joseph; Shapiro, Robert Y. A New Partisan Voter (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 27 January 2009, 71 (1): 1 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608090014. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.
^ McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina; Somer, Murat. Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities. American Behavioral Scientist. January 2018, 62 (1): 16–42. ISSN 0002-7642. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576.

[dimaggio-96-1] DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany. Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized? (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 1 November 1996, 102 (3): 690–755 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1086/230995. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.

[baldassarri-08-2] Baldassarri, Delia; Gelman, Andrew. Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion. American Journal of Sociology. 1 September 2008, 114 (2): 408–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.255  . S2CID 222436264. doi:10.1086/590649.

[fiorina-08-3] Fiorina, Morris P.; Abrams, Samuel J. Political Polarization in the American Public. Annual Review of Political Science. 1 June 2008, 11 (1): 563–588. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836.

[abramowitz-08-4] Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. Is Polarization a Myth?. The Journal of Politics. 27 March 2008, 70 (2): 542 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608080493. （原始内容存档于2021-03-17）.

[bafumi-09-5] Bafumi, Joseph; Shapiro, Robert Y. A New Partisan Voter (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 27 January 2009, 71 (1): 1 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608090014. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.

[:3-6] McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina; Somer, Murat. Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities. American Behavioral Scientist. January 2018, 62 (1): 16–42. ISSN 0002-7642. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]