普遍文法

普遍文法（英语：universal grammar，缩写为 UG），又译为普遍语法，一种语言学理论，最有名的提倡者为乔姆斯基。这个理论认为在人类能够学习到各种文法的普遍能力，是内建在大脑中的。它可以用来解释语言习得的一般过程，说明儿童在发展语言时，使用同一个法则，来学习不同的语言。

这个想法最早可以追溯到英国的哲学家培根。最早提出这个理论的语言学家，是乔姆斯基、萨丕尔、与理查德·蒙塔古。

培根及早期哲学家

乔姆斯基的理论

20世纪80年代初，乔姆斯基和其他一些语言学家提出了普遍语法理论，也称为原则与参数理论。

乔姆斯基认为，人类的大脑，只使用几组固定的规则来组织语言。所以，他假设所有的语言，在底层都拥有相同的文法结构。这几组有限的规则，称为普遍文法（universal grammar）。

他们认为，普遍语法是人类所特有的语言知识体系，存在于正常人的大脑中。根据这一原则和参数体系，普遍语法包括一套普遍原则，利用这些原则，可以不断合成短语；普遍语法还含有一系列参数，这些参数可以帮助和指导普遍原则更好地操作。

参考文献

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外部链接

Pesetsky, David. "Linguistic Universals and Universal Grammar" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Ed. Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1999.

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