普鲁士教育制度

普鲁士教育制度是指普鲁士在18世纪末19世纪初教育改革而建立的教育制度，该制度包括设立师范学院、普及全民义务教育、中小学教育改革、建立研究型大学（柏林大学），对后世和当时的其他国家产生了广泛而深远的影响。普鲁士教育体系是在18世纪后期引入的，在拿破仑战争初期普鲁士战败后得到显著加强。1807年签订《提尔西特条约》后普鲁士被迫割地赔款，由此引发了席卷全国的改革运动。普鲁士的教育改革在其他国家引发了类似的变化，促成了19世纪欧洲现代民族国家的建立。

这个词本身并没有在德国文献中使用，它指的是洪堡教育改革的主要方面。然而这一基本概念在二战去普鲁士化后引发了各种争论和争议，德国及其他地区的21世纪中小学教育仍然受到普鲁士教育制度的影响。

延伸阅读

Albisetti, James C. "The Reform of Female Education in Prussia, 1899-1908: A Study in Compromise and Containment." German studies review 8.1 (1985): 11-41.
Ash, Mitchell G. "Bachelor of What, Master of Whom? The Humboldt Myth and Historical Transformations of Higher Education in German‐Speaking Europe and the U.S." European Journal of Education 41.2 (2006): 245-267 online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Becker, Sascha O., and Ludger Woessmann. "Luther and the girls: Religious denomination and the female education gap in nineteenth‐century Prussia." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 110.4 (2008): 777-805.

Cubberley, Ellwood Patterson. The History of Education: Educational Practice and Progress Considered as a Phase of the Development and Spread of Western Civilization (1920) online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Herbst, Jurgen. "Nineteenth‐Century Schools between Community and State: The Cases of Prussia and the United States." History of Education Quarterly 42.3 (2002): 317-341.
McClelland, Charles E. State, society, and university in Germany: 1700-1914 (1980)
McClelland, Charles E. Berlin, the Mother of All Research Universities: 1860–1918 (2016)

Müller, Detlef, Fritz Ringer, and Brian Simon, eds. The rise of the modern educational system: structural change and social reproduction 1870–1920 (Cambridge University Press, 1989).
Phillips, David. "Beyond travellers' tales: some nineteenth-century British commentators on education in Germany." Oxford Review of Education 26.1 (2000): 49-62.
Ramsay, Paul. "Toiling together for social cohesion: International influences on the development of teacher education in the United States," Paedagogica Historica (2014) 50#1 pp 109–122.
Ringer, Fritz. Education and Society in Modern Europe (1979); focus on Germany and France with comparisons to US and Britain
Sagarra, Eda. A Social History of Germany, 1648–1914 (1977) online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Schleunes, Karl A. "Enlightenment, reform, reaction: the schooling revolution in Prussia." Central European History 12.4 (1979): 315-342 online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Soysal, Yasemin Nuhoglu, and David Strang. "Construction of the First Mass Education Systems in Nineteenth-Century Europe," Sociology of Education (1989) 62#4 pp. 277–288 in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Turner, R. Steven. "The growth of professorial research in Prussia, 1818 to 1848-causes and context." Historical studies in the physical sciences 3 (1971): 137-182.
Van Horn Melton, James. Absolutism and the eighteenth-century origins of compulsory schooling in Prussia and Austria (Cambridge University Press, 1988).

Primary sources

Cubberley, Ellwood Patterson ed. Readings in the History of Education: A Collection of Sources and Readings to Illustrate the Development of Educational Practice, Theory, and Organization (1920) online pp 455–89, 634ff, 669ff