有效加速主义

有效加速主义^[1]（英语：effective accelerationism），简称e/acc，是一种强烈拥护科技发展的新兴哲学思潮。^[2] 有效加速主义的倡导者相信人工智能的进步会让社会更加平等化，因此必须大力发展人工智能。^[3] 有效加速主义倡导者会蔑称主张人工智能技术难以预测、需要监管等与有效加速主义相左的谨慎保守想法为“末日论者”（英语：doomer）或者“减速主义者”（英语：decel/deceleration）。^[3]^[4]

有效加速主义的思想核心是坚信不计一切代价推动技术革新是唯一在伦理上正当的行为。有效加速主义运动带有乌托邦色彩，提倡人类必须加快进步和建设的步伐，才能保障生存，并在全宇宙中宣扬自身的存在感。^[5]^[6]

历史

有效加速主义起初被认为是一个边缘化的思想运动，然而在2023年这一思想进入了主流视野。^[8]多位硅谷要员透过在个人主页中添加“e/acc”字样的方式声援该运动，其中不乏著名风险投资者马克·安德里森和Y Combinator的首席执行官陈嘉兴的身影。^[8]其他重要学界商界人物因为倡导减少对人工智能的管控，也被视为该运动的支持者，例如OpenAI的首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼、卷积神经网络发明人杨立昆、还有深度学习泰斗吴恩达。^[4]^[9]^[10]

第二次川普总统任期

随着川普在2024年美国大选中的胜利，有效加速主义的代表性科技人物将占据要职，如伊隆·马斯克，主张解除科技监管与加快科技进步^[11]^[12]。Zynga创办人马克·平卡斯（英语：Mark Pincus）便将此胜选评论为“有效加速主义”。^[13]

参考资料

^ 张欣瑜. 周永捷 , 编. OpenAI事件發酵矽谷「有效加速主義」聲量擴增. 中央通信社. 2023-11-24 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-03）（中文（台湾））.
^ Cheok, Adrian David; Edirisinghe, Chamari; Shrestha, Mangesh Lal. Effective Accelerationism and the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Ethical, Technological, and Societal Implications. The Rise of Machines: Future of Work in the Age of AI 1st. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2024. ISBN 9781003449072. doi:10.1201/9781003449072-6 (不活跃 13 December 2024).
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Soufi, Daniel. 'Accelerate or die,' the controversial ideology that proposes the unlimited advance of artificial intelligence. El País. 2024-01-06 [2024-01-20]. （原始内容存档于20 January 2024）（美国英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 MacColl, Margaux. It's a Cult': Inside Effective Accelerationism, the Pro-AI Movement Taking Over Silicon Valley. The Information. 2023-10-07 [2023-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）.
^ White, Molly. Effective obfuscation. Citation Needed. 2023-11-26 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27） –通过Substack （英语）. ^{[来源可靠？]}
^ Hurtz, Simon. Tech-Szene im Silicon Valley: Ihr Gott ist die KI. Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2023-11-10 [2023-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（德语）.
^ Steinberg, Julia. Move Fast and Make Things. The Free Press. December 19, 2023 [July 1, 2024].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Chowdhury, Hasan. Get the lowdown on 'e/acc' — Silicon Valley's favorite obscure theory about progress at all costs, which has been embraced by Marc Andreessen. Business Insider. 2023-07-28 [2023-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）（美国英语）.
^ The Sam Altman drama points to a deeper split in the tech world. The Economist. 2023-11-19 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.
^ With Sam Altman's return, a shift in AI from idealism to pragmatism. The Economist. 2023-11-23 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.
^ Stokes, Samantha; Kanetkar, Riddhi; Li, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. Nov 8, 2024 [2024-11-08] （美国英语）.
^ Protais, Marine. Trump et J.D Vance séduisent la tech libertarienne en prônant une dérégulation totale de l'IA [Trump and JD Vance seduce libertarian tech by advocating total AI deregulation]. La Tribune. 2024-07-20 [2024-11-08] （法语）.
^ Li, Samantha Stokes, Riddhi Kanetkar, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. [2024-12-22] （美国英语）.

参见

加速主义

[1] 张欣瑜. 周永捷 , 编. OpenAI事件發酵矽谷「有效加速主義」聲量擴增. 中央通信社. 2023-11-24 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-03）（中文（台湾））.

[2] Cheok, Adrian David; Edirisinghe, Chamari; Shrestha, Mangesh Lal. Effective Accelerationism and the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Ethical, Technological, and Societal Implications. The Rise of Machines: Future of Work in the Age of AI 1st. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2024. ISBN 9781003449072. doi:10.1201/9781003449072-6 (不活跃 13 December 2024).

[:5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Soufi, Daniel. 'Accelerate or die,' the controversial ideology that proposes the unlimited advance of artificial intelligence. El País. 2024-01-06 [2024-01-20]. （原始内容存档于20 January 2024）（美国英语）.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 MacColl, Margaux. It's a Cult': Inside Effective Accelerationism, the Pro-AI Movement Taking Over Silicon Valley. The Information. 2023-10-07 [2023-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）.

[:3-5] White, Molly. Effective obfuscation. Citation Needed. 2023-11-26 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27） –通过Substack （英语）. ^{[来源可靠？]}

[:2-6] Hurtz, Simon. Tech-Szene im Silicon Valley: Ihr Gott ist die KI. Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2023-11-10 [2023-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（德语）.

[7] Steinberg, Julia. Move Fast and Make Things. The Free Press. December 19, 2023 [July 1, 2024].

[:1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Chowdhury, Hasan. Get the lowdown on 'e/acc' — Silicon Valley's favorite obscure theory about progress at all costs, which has been embraced by Marc Andreessen. Business Insider. 2023-07-28 [2023-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）（美国英语）.

[9] The Sam Altman drama points to a deeper split in the tech world. The Economist. 2023-11-19 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.

[10] With Sam Altman's return, a shift in AI from idealism to pragmatism. The Economist. 2023-11-23 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.

[bi-11] Stokes, Samantha; Kanetkar, Riddhi; Li, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. Nov 8, 2024 [2024-11-08] （美国英语）.

[12] Protais, Marine. Trump et J.D Vance séduisent la tech libertarienne en prônant une dérégulation totale de l'IA [Trump and JD Vance seduce libertarian tech by advocating total AI deregulation]. La Tribune. 2024-07-20 [2024-11-08] （法语）.

[13] Li, Samantha Stokes, Riddhi Kanetkar, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. [2024-12-22] （美国英语）.

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