毛特豪森-古森集中营
48°15′25″N 14°30′04″E / 48.25694°N 14.50111°E
毛特豪森-古森 | |
---|---|
集中营 | |
![]() Gate to the garage yard in the Mauthausen concentration camp | |
别名 | Mauthausen, Gusen |
位置 | ![]() |
使用者 | DEST cartel and 纳粹亲卫队 (SS) 苏联红军 (二战后) |
指挥官 | Franz Ziereis |
运行时间 | August 1938 – May 1945 |
囚犯数 | 主要为苏联和波兰平民 |
死亡 | 约122,766 and 320,000 (估计) |
解放 | 美国陆军, 五月 1945 |
毛特豪森-古森集中营(德语:Das Konzentrationslager Mauthausen)是一个位于上奥地利毛特豪森村与古森河畔圣格奥尔根村的大型纳粹集中营群落,位于林茨市以东20公里处。
最初,该集中营只在毛特豪森单独存在,后来在1940年夏逐步扩展,使毛特豪森-古森集中营成为纳粹德国在欧洲最大的集中营之一。[1][2]1945年5月,集中营被美军解放,战后美军将集中营移交苏军管理。
延伸阅读
编辑- KZ Gusen Memorial Committee (corporate author). KZ Gusen I Concentration Camp at Langenstein. The Nizkor Project. Nizkor. 1997 [10 April 2006]. (原始内容存档于2 October 2006).
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- (波兰语) Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen/Gusen; Samoobrona i konspiracja [Mauthausen/Gusen: self-defence and underground]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa MON. 1980: 486. ISBN 83-11-06497-0.
- (波兰语) Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen–Gusen; w obronie życia i ludzkiej godności [Mauthausen–Gusen; in defence of life and human dignity]. Warsaw: Bellona. 2000: 191–202. ISBN 83-11-09048-3.
- (波兰语) various authors. Marian Filip; Mikołaj Łomacki , 编. Wrogom ku przestrodze: Mauthausen 5 maja 1945 [Enemies Beware; Mauthausen, 5 May 1945]. Warsaw: ZG ZBoWiD. 1962: 135.
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- various authors; Henry Friedlander. The Nazi Concentration Camps. Michael D. Ryan (编). Human Responses to the Holocaust Perpetrators and Victims, Bystanders and Resisters. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. 1981: 33–69. ISBN 0-88946-901-6.
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- (捷克语) Stanislav Hlaváček. Historie KTM [History of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp]. Koncentrační Tábor Mauthausen; Pamětní tisk k 55. výročí osvobození KTM [Mauthausen concentration camp: Memorial publication for the 55th anniversary of the liberation]. 2000 [18 May 2006]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-16).
- (波兰语) Jerzy Kirchmayer. Powstanie warszawskie [Warsaw Uprising]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1978: 576. ISBN 83-05-11080-X.
- (波兰语) Stefan Krukowski. Pamięci lekarzy [In memoriam of the doctors]. Nad pięknym modrym Dunajem; Mauthausen 1940–1945 [Mauthausen 1940–1945: At The Blue Danube]. Tadeusz Żeromski (foreword). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1966: 292–297. PB 9330/66.
- (波兰语) Various authors. Andrzej Kunert , 编. Człowiek człowiekowi… Niszczenie polskiej inteligencji w latach 1939–1945 KL Mauthausen/Gusen [Man to Man…; The destruction of Polish intelligentsia 1939–1945 in the camps of Mauthausen/Gusen]. Warsaw: Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa. 2009: 104.
- KZ-Gedenkstaette Mauthausen (corporate author). Parachute Jump. Mauthausen Memorial. KZ-Gedenkstaette Mauthausen. [23 September 2013]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-15).
- Bruno Maida. The gas chamber of Mauthausen – History and testimonies of the Italian deportees; A Brief history of the camp. National Association of Italian political deportees in the Nazi concentration camps. Fondazione Memoria della Deportazione. (原始内容存档于5 June 2006).
- Hans Maršálek. Konzentrazionslager Gusen [Gusen concentration camp]. Vienna. 1968: 32.
- (德语) Hans Maršálek. Die Geschichte des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen [History of Mauthausen Concentration Camp]. Wien-Linz: Österreichischen Lagergemeinschaft Mauthausen u. Mauthausen-Aktiv Oberösterreich. 1995.
- (波兰语) Adam Myczkowski. Poprzez Dachau do Mauthausen–Gusen [Through Dachau to Mauthausen–Gusen]. Kraków: Księgarnia Stefana Kamińskiego. 1946: 31.
- (德语) M.S. Linz – Eisenwerke Oberdonau. Österreichs Geschichte im Dritten Reich. 2000 [11 April 2006]. (原始内容存档于11 March 2007).
- (波兰语) Stanisław Nogaj. Gusen; Pamiętnik dziennikarza [Gusen; Memoir of a Journalist]. Katowice-Chorzów: Komitet byłych więźniów obozu koncentracyjnego Gusen. 1945: 64.
- David Wingeate Pike. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube. London: Routledge. 2000: 480 [2022-01-05]. ISBN 0-415-22780-1. (原始内容存档于2021-12-27).
- Tadeusz Piotrowski. Poland's holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. 1998.
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- various authors. Amy Schmidt; Gudrun Loehrer , 编. The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records (PDF). Reference Information Paper (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration). 2008, 115: 145–148 [23 September 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04).
- James Schmidt. "Not These Sounds": Beethoven at Mauthausen (PDF). Philosophy and Literature (Boston: Boston University). 2005, 29: 146–163 [22 April 2014]. ISSN 0190-0013. doi:10.1353/phl.2005.0013.[失效链接]
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- (波兰语) sm. Pracownicy muzeum Auschwitz zeskanowali już kartotekę Mauthausen [The Workers of Auschwitz Museum Have Scanned the Mauthausen Files]. 61. rocznica wyzwolenia Auschwitz (Polish Press Agency). 3 April 2006 [11 April 2006]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-15).
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- (斯洛文尼亚语) STA, mm. Taborišče, v katerem je umrlo 1500 Slovencev [Camp, in which 1500 Slovenes died]. Mladina. May 2012, (13. 5. 2012) [16 November 2012]. ISSN 1580-5352. (原始内容存档于2021-12-12).
- Jack Taylor. OSS Archives: The Dupont Mission. The Blast; UDT-SEAL Association. 2003 [28 April 2006]. (原始内容存档于27 January 2006).
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- UDT-SEAL Association (corporate author). Jack Taylor, American Agent Who Survived Mauthausen. Jewish Virtual Library. 2006 [28 April 2006]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).
- Chris van Uffelen. Contemporary Museums – Architecture, History, Collections. Braun Publishing. 2010: 150–153. ISBN 9783037680674.
- Geoffrey R. Walden. Gusen Concentration Camp / Project B-8 "Bergkristall" Tunnel System. The Third Reich in Ruins. 2 July 2000 [15 April 2015]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-12).
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- (波兰语) Zbigniew Wlazłowski. Przez kamieniołomy i kolczasty drut [Through the Quarries and Barbed Wire]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie. 1974: 184. PB 1974/7600.
- (波兰语) various authors; Włodzimierz Wnuk. Śmiertelne kąpiele [Deadly Baths]. Oskarżamy! Materiały do historii obozu koncentracyjnego Mauthausen–Gusen [We Accuse! Materials on the History of Mauthausen–Gusen Concentration Camp]. Katowice: Klub Mauthausen–Gusen ZBoWiD. 1961: 20–22.
- (波兰语) Włodzimierz Wnuk. Z Hiszpanami w jednym szeregu [With the Spaniards in One Line]. Byłem z wami [I Was With You]. Warsaw: PAX. 1972: 100–105.
- (波兰语) Tadeusz Żeromski. Kazimierz Rusinek , 编. Międzynarodówka straceńców [Desperados' Internationale]. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. 1983: 76+19. ISBN 83-05-11175-X.
- (西班牙语) various authors. Historia de los campos de concentración: El sistema de campos de concentración nacionalsocialista, 1933–1945: un modelo europeo [History of the concentration camps: the national-socialist concentration camp system 1933–1945; European model]. Memoriales históricos, 1933–1945 [Historical memorials, 1933–1945]. 2005 [2021-12-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-19).
- (挪威语) Verdens Gang (corporate author). Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire [Norwegian guards worked in Hitler's concentration camps]. Verdens Gang. 1 November 2010, (15 November 2010) [22 April 2014]. ISSN 0805-5203. (原始内容存档于2014-03-07).
参考资料
编辑- ^ (波兰文) Stanisław Dobosiewicz. Mauthausen-Gusen; w obronie życia i ludzkiej godności. Warsaw: Bellona. 2000: 191–202. ISBN 83-11-09048-3.
- ^ (英文) Günter Bischof; Anton Pelinka. Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transaction Publishers. 1996: 185–190. ISBN 1-56000-902-0.
外部链接
编辑维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:毛特豪森-古森集中营
- USHMM (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) United States Holocaust Memorial Museum contains more than 500 pictures of Mauthausen–Gusen
- Interviews with American servicemen imprisoned at Mauthausen (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Remnants of KZ Gusen I Twin Camp declared "Monument of the Month" in January 2017 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Online exhibition of the Polish History Museum on the former KZ Gusen complex
- Mauthausen Memorial (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)