法老的诅咒

法老的诅咒（英语：Curse of the pharaohs）是指针对任何打扰木乃伊的人的诅咒，据称会导致厄运、疾病甚至死亡。20世纪中叶以来，许多作家及纪录片认为“诅咒”的科学解释为细菌或辐射。然而，“法老的诅咒”的现代起源及发展在欧洲文化中，从原先的传说转变到科学解释，又衍生出大量恐怖片，可见“法老的诅咒”更多的是指一种文化而非科学现象。^[1]

偶尔也会在古墓中或周围发现真正的诅咒，如在萨卡拉的第六王朝Khentika Ikhekhi马斯塔巴。但在图坦卡蒙墓中未发现诅咒，有关图坦卡蒙法老的诅咒的证据极其少，Donald B. Redford 认为这是“纯粹的哗众取宠的胡话”。^[2]

坟墓诅咒

诅咒在现代

发掘图坦卡蒙墓

图坦卡蒙的“诅咒”

可能的解释

因为最新研究证实图坦卡蒙生前得了多重疟疾的复合症状，而进入墓穴的人皆有被蚊虫叮咬的记录，推断有可能是墓穴里有古代疟疾的病毒。

相关死亡人员

图坦卡蒙墓开启于1922年11月29日。

名字	身份	死亡时间	死因
卡纳冯伯爵	考古发掘资助人	1923年4月5日	第一位逝者，因蚊虫叮咬感染逝世。^[3]^[4]
George Jay Gould I	卡纳冯好友，访客	1923年5月16日	于埃及期间出现发烧症状，在法国蔚蓝海岸逝世，死因是肺炎。^[5]
Ali Kamel Fahmy Bey	埃及王室	1923年7月10日	被妻子玛格丽特·阿利贝尔枪杀于萨伏伊酒店。
奥布里·赫伯特	卡纳冯的同父异母弟	1923年9月26日	牙科手术导致败血症。
Woolf Joel	南非百万富翁，访客	1923年11月13日	被敲诈者枪杀。
Archibald Douglas-Reid	放射科医生，曾用X光检查过图坦卡蒙木乃伊	1924年1月15日	病逝。
Lee Stack	苏丹总督	1924年11月19日	在开罗遭遇暗杀身亡。
A. C. Mace	发掘队员	1928年	砷中毒^[6]
默文·赫伯特	卡纳冯的同父异母弟	1929年5月26日	报道称因“疟疾肺炎”逝世。
理查德·贝瑟尔	卡特的私人秘书	1929年11月15日	在梅费尔俱乐部（英语：Mayfair club）一张床上死亡，死因疑为窒息死亡。
Richard Luttrell Pilkington Bethell	理查德·贝瑟尔之父	1930年2月20日	公寓七楼坠楼身亡。
霍华德·卡特	图坦卡蒙墓发掘者	1939年3月2日	正常死亡但有人仍将其死因归咎于“诅咒” ^[7]

另见

法老的雪茄
古尔-埃米尔陵，帖木儿的诅咒

参考来源

^ "The Mummy's Curse: Mummymania in the English-speaking World, Jasmine Day, Routledge, 2006
^ The Boy Behind the Mask, Charlotte Booth (quoting Donald B. Redford), p. xvi, Oneword, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85168-544-8
^ Why we love mummies. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. [12 August 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008年9月2日）. Upon breaching the tomb, something stung Carnarvon on the cheek. He died several months later. Newspapers sensationalized his death as the fulfillment of an ancient mummy's curse. A rumor spread that there was an insc九十三次ription over the tomb promising death to anyone who opened the tomb of the pharaoh. One recent theory is Carnarvon might have ingested anthrax spores deliberately placed in the tomb by ancient Egyptian priests to thwart tomb robbers.
^ Carnarvon Is Dead Of An Insect's Bite At Pharaoh's Tomb. Blood Poisoning and Ensuing Pneumonia Conquer Tut-ankh-Amen Discoverer in Egypt.. New York Times. 5 April 1923 [12 August 2008]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）. The Earl of Carnarvon died peacefully at 2 o'clock this morning. He was conscious almost to the end.
^ George J. Gould Dies in Villa in France.. New York Times. 17 May 1923 [23 May 2008]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）. George Jay Gould died this morning at 3:30 o'clock at the Villa Zoralde, Cap Martin, where he had been living for some months with his wife and her two children. His death, it was stated at the villa, came quietly and was expected, as he had never rallied from the illness from which he had been suffering all Winter.
^ Rupert Furneaux, The World's Strangest Mysteries, (New York: Ace Books, 1961), p. 72-74.
^ Howard Carter, 66, Egyptologist, Dies.. New York Times. [28 March 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-24）. Howard Carter, Egyptologist who earned world fame for his discovery and exploration, in association with the fifth Earl of Carnarvon, of the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen, died in his London home today at the age of 66.

Howard Carter and the Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun, H. V. F. Winstone, Constable, 1991, ISBN 0-09-469900-3
Mummies: Death and Life in Ancient Egypt, James Hamilton-Paterson, Carol Andrews, p. 197, Collins for British Museum Publications, 1978, ISBN 0-00-195532-2
The Mummy's Curse: Mummymania in the English-speaking World, Jasmine Day, 2006, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415340229

外部链接

Galaxy Babe. Tutankhamun – the 'Boy King'. h2g2. 16 February 2011 [2013-08-29]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-04）.

[1] "The Mummy's Curse: Mummymania in the English-speaking World, Jasmine Day, Routledge, 2006

[2] The Boy Behind the Mask, Charlotte Booth (quoting Donald B. Redford), p. xvi, Oneword, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85168-544-8

[3] Why we love mummies. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. [12 August 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008年9月2日）. Upon breaching the tomb, something stung Carnarvon on the cheek. He died several months later. Newspapers sensationalized his death as the fulfillment of an ancient mummy's curse. A rumor spread that there was an insc九十三次ription over the tomb promising death to anyone who opened the tomb of the pharaoh. One recent theory is Carnarvon might have ingested anthrax spores deliberately placed in the tomb by ancient Egyptian priests to thwart tomb robbers.

[4] Carnarvon Is Dead Of An Insect's Bite At Pharaoh's Tomb. Blood Poisoning and Ensuing Pneumonia Conquer Tut-ankh-Amen Discoverer in Egypt.. New York Times. 5 April 1923 [12 August 2008]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）. The Earl of Carnarvon died peacefully at 2 o'clock this morning. He was conscious almost to the end.

[5] George J. Gould Dies in Villa in France.. New York Times. 17 May 1923 [23 May 2008]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-19）. George Jay Gould died this morning at 3:30 o'clock at the Villa Zoralde, Cap Martin, where he had been living for some months with his wife and her two children. His death, it was stated at the villa, came quietly and was expected, as he had never rallied from the illness from which he had been suffering all Winter.

[6] Rupert Furneaux, The World's Strangest Mysteries, (New York: Ace Books, 1961), p. 72-74.

[carter-7] Howard Carter, 66, Egyptologist, Dies.. New York Times. [28 March 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-24）. Howard Carter, Egyptologist who earned world fame for his discovery and exploration, in association with the fifth Earl of Carnarvon, of the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen, died in his London home today at the age of 66.

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