激素替代疗法
激素替代疗法（英语：hormone replacement therapy , HRT；menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)、postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT)）或荷尔蒙补充疗法。是一种荷尔蒙疗法，用于治疗女性更年期相关的症状。[注 1][1][2]这些症状可能包括潮热，阴道萎缩和干燥，以及骨质流失等，并且是由更年期期间性激素水平降低引起的。[3][4]激素替代疗法用于更年期症状的主要激素药物是雌激素和孕激素。[5]对于拥有完整子宫的女性，孕激素通常与雌激素联合使用，因为无对抗的雌激素治疗与子宫内膜增生和癌症有关，而孕激素可预防这些风险。[5][6][7]像睾酮这样的雄激素有时也用于激素替代疗法。[8]激素替代疗法药物有多种形式，可通过各种不同的给药途径使用。[5]
注释 编辑
- ^ 性别肯定激素治疗(GAHT)也属于HRT，一般而言，HRT是对于顺性别女性的激素补充疗法，为了区分，本条目不包含GAHT的内容介绍。
参考资料 编辑
- ^ Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236.
- ^ Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509.
- ^ Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236.
- ^ Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration (PDF). Climacteric. 2005,. 8 Suppl 1: 3–63 [2018-08-17]. PMID 16112947. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-03-27）.
- ^ Shuster, Lynne T.; Rhodes, Deborah J.; Gostout, Bobbie S.; Grossardt, Brandon R.; Rocca, Walter A. Premature menopause or early menopause: Long-term health consequences. Maturitas. 2010, 65 (2): 161–166. ISSN 0378-5122. PMC 2815011
. PMID 19733988. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.003.
- ^ Eden, K.J., & Wylie, K.R. (2009). Quality of sexual life and menopause. Women’s Health, 5 (4), 385-396. doi:10.2217/whe.09.24
- ^ Ziaei, S., Moghasemi, M., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2010). Comparative effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on climacteric symptoms and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Climateric, 13, 147-156. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.04.014
参见 编辑
外部链接 编辑
- Menopause treatment （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Hormone Health Network, The Endocrine Society
- Sexual Health and Menopause Online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The North American Menopause Society
- Menopause （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, US Food and Drug Administration