热休克蛋白

热休克蛋白（英语：Heat shock proteins，又称热激蛋白，简称为HSP）是一类功能性相关蛋白质，当细胞受到升高温度或其他胁迫时它们的表达就会增长^[1]，可协助蛋白质正常折叠。这种表达的增长是受到转录调控的。热休克蛋白大幅上调控是热休克反应的关键部分并且主要由热休克因子引导^[2]。在从细菌到人类的几乎所有生物中都发现了热休克蛋白。

热休克蛋白的命名是依据他们的分子质量。例如，Hsp60、Hsp70与Hsp90（被研究最多的热休克蛋白）指的是热休克蛋白家族的尺寸分别大约60、70与90千道尔顿^[3]。小到8千道尔顿的蛋白泛素，这种蛋白用于标记即将分解的蛋白质，也表现出热休克蛋白的性质^[4]。

功能

热休克蛋白最为人所知的功能为帮助蛋白质的折叠。此外，热休克蛋白也可以调节细胞膜的形变。比利时的研究团队发现热休克白90（Hsp90）可以帮助胞膜形变，诱导外吐小体释放^[5]。

参见

分子伴侣

参考文献

^ De Maio A. Heat shock proteins: facts, thoughts, and dreams. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). January 1999, 11 (1): 1–12. PMID 9921710. doi:10.1097/00024382-199901000-00001.
^ Wu C. Heat shock transcription factors: structure and regulation. Annual review of cell and developmental biology. 1995, 11: 441–69. PMID 8689565. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301.
^ Li Z, Srivastava P. Heat-shock proteins. Current protocols in immunology / edited by John E. Coligan ... [et al.] February 2004,. Appendix 1: Appendix 1T. PMID 18432918. doi:10.1002/0471142735.ima01ts58.
^ Raboy B, Sharon G, Parag HA, Shochat Y, Kulka RG. Effect of stress on protein degradation: role of the ubiquitin system. Acta biologica Hungarica. 1991, 42 (1-3): 3–20. PMID 1668897.
^ Hsp90 Mediates Membrane Deformation and Exosome Release. Molecular Cell. 2018-09-06, 71 (5): 689–702.e9. ISSN 1097-2765. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.016 （英语）.

外部链接

医学主题词表（MeSH）：Heat-Shock+Proteins

[pmid9921710-1] De Maio A. Heat shock proteins: facts, thoughts, and dreams. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). January 1999, 11 (1): 1–12. PMID 9921710. doi:10.1097/00024382-199901000-00001.

[pmid8689565-2] Wu C. Heat shock transcription factors: structure and regulation. Annual review of cell and developmental biology. 1995, 11: 441–69. PMID 8689565. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301.

[pmid18432918-3] Li Z, Srivastava P. Heat-shock proteins. Current protocols in immunology / edited by John E. Coligan ... [et al.] February 2004,. Appendix 1: Appendix 1T. PMID 18432918. doi:10.1002/0471142735.ima01ts58.

[pmid1668897-4] Raboy B, Sharon G, Parag HA, Shochat Y, Kulka RG. Effect of stress on protein degradation: role of the ubiquitin system. Acta biologica Hungarica. 1991, 42 (1-3): 3–20. PMID 1668897.

[5] Hsp90 Mediates Membrane Deformation and Exosome Release. Molecular Cell. 2018-09-06, 71 (5): 689–702.e9. ISSN 1097-2765. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.016 （英语）.

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