精子竞争

精子竞争是指在有性生殖过程中，两个或两个以上不同雄性的精子为了能让自己与同一卵子结合（卵子受精）而进行竞争的过程^[1]。当雌性有多个潜在的交配伙伴时，就会发生精子竞争。然而，当出现一个雌性有多个配偶情况时意味着每个雄性个体繁衍自身的后代的机会就会减少，因而精子竞争常常被比作抽奖，如果雄性购买的抽奖券越多（即他/它给雌性授精的精子越多），中奖的机会就越大（即繁衍后代）^[2]。此外雄性为了应对精子竞争，有时会释放有毒的精液物质，以减少雌性的再交配倾向^[3]，或者在与雌性交配前想尽办法取出另一个雄性的精子 ^[4]^[5]。

参考文献

^ Parker, Geoffrey A. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biological Reviews. 1970, 45 (4): 525–567. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1970.tb01176.x.
^ Olsson et al., 1997; Wedell et al., 2002
^ Simmons, L.W. Competition and its Evolutionary Consequences in the Insects. Princeton University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0691059884.
^ Birkhead, T.R; Pizzari, Tommaso. Postcopulatory sexual selection. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2002, 3 (4): 262–273. PMID 11967551. doi:10.1038/nrg774.
^ Baker, Robin. Sperm Wars: The Science of Sex. 1996. ISBN 0-7881-6004-4. OCLC 37369431.

[1] Parker, Geoffrey A. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biological Reviews. 1970, 45 (4): 525–567. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1970.tb01176.x.

[2] Olsson et al., 1997; Wedell et al., 2002

[Simmons-3] Simmons, L.W. Competition and its Evolutionary Consequences in the Insects. Princeton University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-0691059884.

[birkhead-4] Birkhead, T.R; Pizzari, Tommaso. Postcopulatory sexual selection. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2002, 3 (4): 262–273. PMID 11967551. doi:10.1038/nrg774.

[baker-5] Baker, Robin. Sperm Wars: The Science of Sex. 1996. ISBN 0-7881-6004-4. OCLC 37369431.

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