细胞内寄生物

(重定向自细胞内寄生

细胞内寄生物(英语:Intracellular parasite)是指一类寄生于宿主细胞中生长、繁殖的生物,可分为兼性(Facultative)和专性(Obligate)寄生物。部分细胞内寄生物会导致相关疾病的发生。

兼性寄生物 编辑

兼性寄生物可以在胞内寄生,于胞外也可以存活[1]

属于兼性寄生物的细菌举例如下:

属于兼性寄生物的真菌举例如下:

专性寄生物 编辑

 
扫描电镜下拍摄的肺部寄生的刚地弓形虫Toxoplasma gondii

专性寄生物只能在寄生细胞内存活,生活完全依赖于宿主细胞内的资源。

专性寄生物有:

对专性寄生物的研究难度较高,因为他们通常不能在宿主外增殖。2009年,研究人员发现Q型流感的病原体贝氏柯克斯体英语Coxiella burnetiiCoxiella burnetii)可以在一种无菌培养基上培养。他们在论文中提出,这种技术也许亦可以应用在其他病原体上[18]

值得一提的是,内共生理论认为,线粒体最初也是寄生于细胞内的专性寄生物,但最后发展成了共生关系乃至成为细胞器[19]

营养 编辑

细胞内寄生物主要依靠宿主细胞的能量生长繁殖,他们尤其需要在脱离宿主细胞时难以获取的营养物质。兼性细胞内寄生物嗜肺军团菌Legionella pneumophila)目前是研究细胞内寄生物获取宿主细胞营养的标准研究模型。目前的研究表明,嗜肺军团菌通过促进宿主细胞蛋白自我分解或通过蛋白酶体分解,将这些蛋白质变为氨基酸。嗜肺军团菌可以用这些氨基酸作为碳源和主要的能量来源[20]

敏感性 编辑

T细胞功能受损的人群(如AIDS患者)较难清除侵入体内的病原性细胞内寄生物[21]

参见 编辑

参考 编辑

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  13. ^ Sebghati TS, Engle JT, Goldman WE. Intracellular parasitism by Histoplasma capsulatum: fungal virulence and calcium dependence. Science. November 2000, 290 (5495): 1368–72 [2017-10-27]. PMID 11082066. doi:10.1126/science.290.5495.1368. (原始内容存档于2019-12-10). 
  14. ^ Alvarez, M.; Burns, T.; Luo, Y.; Pirofski, L. A.; Casadevall, A. The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes. BMC Microbiology. 2009, 9: 51. PMC 2670303 . PMID 19265539. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-51. 
  15. ^ Amann R, Springer N, Schönhuber W, et al. Obligate intracellular bacterial parasites of acanthamoebae related to Chlamydia spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. January 1997, 63 (1): 115–21 [2017-10-27]. PMC 168308 . PMID 8979345. (原始内容存档于2019-12-10). 
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  21. ^ Page 432页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Chapter 22, in: Jones, Jane; Bannister, Barbara A.; Gillespie, Stephen H. Infection: Microbiology and Management. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006. ISBN 1-4051-2665-5.