蛇颈龟科
龟鳖目的一科爬行动物
(重定向自蛇颈龟)
蛇颈龟科(Chelidae),亦称侧颈龟科是龟鳖目下侧颈龟亚目现存的三科之一。[2]该科龟类分布于澳大利亚、新几内亚、印度尼西亚部分地区和南美洲大部分地区。该科是龟鳖目下的一个大科,化石历史可以追溯到白垩纪。该科龟类全部(包括现存物种及化石)位于从前的冈瓦纳大陆,此外的其他地区没有发现任何蛇颈龟科动物。[3]
蛇颈龟科![]() 化石时期:
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枯叶龟 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
目: | 龟鳖目 Testudines |
亚目: | 侧颈龟亚目 Pleurodira |
科: | 蛇颈龟科 Chelidae Gray, 1831[1] |
属 | |
见文内 |
描述
编辑像所有的侧颈亚目龟类一样,该科龟类的脖颈缩回时全部侧向折回。
该科最小的物种包括16厘米(6.3英寸)长的墨累澳龟、[4]18厘米(7.1英寸)长的南美扁头龟和15厘米(5.9英寸)长的澳洲短颈龟,最大的物种则有枫叶龟和白喉癞颈龟,二者的背壳长度都可达45厘米(18英寸)。[5]
壳
编辑蛇颈龟科的背壳都很独特,[6]原因可能是他们不需要大的背最长肌。[7]同时其背壳也很坚固,这是其一种保护机制,增加了对外界冲击的抵抗力,但也有人认为这是为了这与其进食方式和其他一些因素有关系。[7]
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蛇颈龟科背壳的盾板和骨骼
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蛇颈龟科腹甲的盾板和骨骼
分类
编辑该科约有20属,60余种龟。 以下依据1998年乔治斯等人的研究:[8]
- 亚科:东澳蛇颈龟亚科(Chelodininae)
- 亚科:蛇颈龟亚科(Chelidinae)
- 属:蛇颈龟属(Duméril 1806)
- 属:刺颈龟属 (Gray 1873[15])
- 属:中龟属 (Gray, 1873)
- 属:蟾头龟属(Wagner 1830)
- 属:扁龟属 (Wagner 1830)
- 属:红腿蟾头龟属(Wagner 1830)
- 属:†Bonapartemys (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 属:†Lomalatachelys (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 属:†Prochelidella (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 属:†Palaeophrynops (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 属:†Parahydraspis (Wieland 1923[17])
- 属:†Linderochelys (de la Fuente et al. 2007)
- 亚科:渔龟亚科(Hydromedusinae)
- 属:渔龟属(Wagler 1830)
- 属:†Yaminuechelys (de la Fuente et al. 2001)
种系发生
编辑该科现存物种的种系发生基于1998年乔治斯等人的研究:[8]
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参考资料
编辑- ^ Gray, J. E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium or short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part 1. Cataphracta, tortoises, crocodiles, and enaliosaurians. London. 85 pp.
- ^ Obst, Fritz Jurgen. Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. , 编. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 111–112. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ^ Georges, A., & Thomson, S. 2006. Evolution and Zoogeography of Australian freshwater turtles. In: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G., and Lee, M. (eds.), Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Sydney: Australia.
- ^ Cann, J. (2008) Freshwater Turtles: A Wild Australia Guide, Qld, Australia: Steve Parish Publishing, p. 46.
- ^ Thomson, S., Georges, A. and C. Limpus, (2006). A New Species of Freshwater Turtle in the Genus Elseya (Testudines: Chelidae) from Central Coastal Queensland, Australia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 5(1):74-86.
- ^ Thomson, S. and Georges, A. 1996. Neural bones in chelid turtles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2:82-86.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Thomson S. 2003. Long necks, flat heads and the evolution of piscivory. World Chelonian Trust (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Georges, A.; J. Birrell, K. M. Saint, W. McCord und S. C. Donnellan (1998) A phylogeny for side-necked turtles (Chelonia: Pleurodira) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence variation Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 213-246
- ^ Megirian, D. and Murray, P. 1999. Chelid turtles (Pleurodira, Chelidae) from the Miocene Camfield Beds, Northern Territory of Australia, with a description of a new genus and species. The Beagle (Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory) 15:75–130.
- ^ Gray, J.E. (1867) Description of a new Australian tortoise (Elseya latisternum). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 20: 43-45.
- ^ Cann, J. and Legler, J.M. (1994). The Mary River Tortoise: a new genus and species of short-necked chelid from Queensland, Australia (Testudines; Pleurodira). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1(2):81-96.
- ^ Thomson, S. & Georges, A. (2009) Myuchelys gen. nov. — a new genus for Elseya latisternum and related forms of Australian freshwater turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) Zootaxa 2053: 32–42.
- ^ Seibenrock, F. 1901. Beschreibung einer neuen schildkrotengattung aus der familie Chelydidae aus Australien: Pseudemydura. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 38:248-251.
- ^ Legler, J.M. & Cann, J. 1980. A new species of chelid turtle from Queensland, Australia. Contributions to Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 324:1-18.
- ^ Gray, J.E. 1873. Observations on chelonians, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)11:289-308.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Broin, F. de. and de la Fuente, M.S. 2001. Oldest world Chelidae (Chelonii, Pleurodira), from the Cretaceous Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 333:463-470.
- ^ Wieland, G. R. 1923. A new Parana Pleurodiran. American Journal of Science. 5(25):1-15.