灵长形上目

灵长形上目; 化石时期：晚白垩纪 - 现今; 79.6–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
高目：	北方真兽高目 Boreoeutheria
总目：	灵长总目 Euarchontoglires
大目：	真灵长大目 Euarchonta
上目：	灵长形上目 Primatomorpha; Beard, 1991
目
	皮翼目; 泛灵长目近兔猴型目（英语：Plesiadapiformes）; ;

灵长形上目（学名：Primatomorpha）为哺乳纲下的一个演化支，包含了皮翼目及灵长目，两者约于7,960万年前分家^[5]^[2]。灵长形上目与树鼩目为姊妹群，两者共同组成真灵长大目。

灵长形上目一词最早出现于1991年（K.C. Beard）及1992年（Kalandadze, Rautian）的科学文献之中。核DNA序列的研究分析（Murphy et al., 2001）支持真灵长大目假说，但针对线粒体DNA的研究分析（Arnason et al., 2002）则支持不一样的假说。透过反转录转座子标记（英语：Retrotransposon marker）的研究（Kriegs et al., 2007）也同样支持真灵长大目假说。

另外，有假说将皮翼目与树鼩目合并为巽他兽类（英语：Sundatheria），与灵长目互为姊妹群^[6]^[7]。近年来，也有部分研究假说将巽他兽类做为啮形大目的姊妹群，并主张废除真灵长大目^[8]^[9]。

灵长总目

啮形大目

	啮齿目

	兔形目

灵长形上目

	狐猴总科

	懒猴总科

简鼻亚目

跗猴型下目

类人猿下目

	阔鼻小目

	狭鼻小目

参考文献

^ Primatomorpha. Paleobiology Database. [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-31）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Zhang ML, Li ML, Ayoola AO, Murphy RW, Wu DD, Shao Y. Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates. Zoological Research. November 2019, 40 (6): 532–540. PMC 6822925  . PMID 31393097. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.057.
^ Collectif. Coppens Y, Senut B , 编. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. CNRS Éditions (réédition numérique FeniXX). 1991. ISBN 978-2-271-10666-7 （英语）.
^ Wilson Mantilla, G. P.; Chester, S. G. B.; Clemens, W. A.; Moore, J. R.; Sprain, C. J.; Hovatter, B. T.; Mitchell, W. S.; Mans, W. W.; Mundil, R.; Renne, P. R. Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates. Royal Society Open Science. 2021, 8 (2): rsos.210050, 210050. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810050W. PMC 8074693  . PMID 33972886. doi:10.1098/rsos.210050.
^ Esselstyn JA, Oliveros CH, Swanson MT, Faircloth BC. Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements. Genome Biology and Evolution. September 2017, 9 (9): 2308–2321. PMC 5604124  . PMID 28934378. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx168.
^ O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, et al. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science. February 2013, 339 (6120): 662–7 [2022-09-18]. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..662O. PMID 23393258. S2CID 206544776. doi:10.1126/science.1229237. hdl:11336/7302  . （原始内容存档于2020-03-31）.
^ Wilford JN. Rat-Size Ancestor Said to Link Man and Beast. New York Times. 7 February 2013 [9 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-21）.
^ Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, et al. Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science. October 2011, 334 (6055): 521–4. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..521M. PMID 21940861. S2CID 38120449. doi:10.1126/science.1211028.
^ Zhou X, Sun F, Xu S, Yang G, Li M. The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful. Integrative Zoology. March 2015, 10 (2): 186–98. PMID 25311886. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12116.

延伸阅读

Beard KC. Vertical postures and climbing in the morphotype of Primatomorpha: Implications for locomotor evolution in primate history. Origine(s) de la Bipedie chez les Hominides. Cahiers de Paleoanthropologie. Paris: Editions du CNRS: 79–87. 1991. ISBN 9782222046028. OCLC 636661230.
Janecka JE, Miller W, Pringle TH, Wiens F, Zitzmann A, Helgen KM, Springer MS, Murphy WJ. Molecular and genomic data identify the closest living relative of primates. Science. November 2007, 318 (5851): 792–4. Bibcode:2007Sci...318..792J. PMID 17975064. S2CID 12251814. doi:10.1126/science.1147555.
Goodman M, Czelusniak J, Page S, Meireles CM. Where DNA Sequences Place Homo sapiens in a Phylogenetic Classification of Primates. Tobias PV, Raath MA, Moggi-Cecchi J, Doyle GA (编). Humanity from African naissance to coming millennia : colloquia in human biology and paleoanthropology. Firenze: Firenze University Press. 2001. ISBN 978-88-8453-003-5.
Kriegs JO, Churakov G, Jurka J, Brosius J, Schmitz J. Evolutionary history of 7SL RNA-derived SINEs in Supraprimates. Trends in Genetics. April 2007, 23 (4): 158–61. PMID 17307271. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.002. (PDF version)
Arnason U, Adegoke JA, Bodin K, Born EW, Esa YB, Gullberg A, Nilsson M, Short RV, Xu X, Janke A. Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. June 2002, 99 (12): 8151–6. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.8151A. PMC 123036  . PMID 12034869. doi:10.1073/pnas.102164299  .
Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, Johnson WE, Zhang YP, Ryder OA, O'Brien SJ. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature. February 2001, 409 (6820): 614–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..614M. PMID 11214319. S2CID 4373847. doi:10.1038/35054550.

[1] Primatomorpha. Paleobiology Database. [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-31）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Zhang ML, Li ML, Ayoola AO, Murphy RW, Wu DD, Shao Y. Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates. Zoological Research. November 2019, 40 (6): 532–540. PMC 6822925  . PMID 31393097. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.057.

[3] Collectif. Coppens Y, Senut B , 编. Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. CNRS Éditions (réédition numérique FeniXX). 1991. ISBN 978-2-271-10666-7 （英语）.

[4] Wilson Mantilla, G. P.; Chester, S. G. B.; Clemens, W. A.; Moore, J. R.; Sprain, C. J.; Hovatter, B. T.; Mitchell, W. S.; Mans, W. W.; Mundil, R.; Renne, P. R. Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates. Royal Society Open Science. 2021, 8 (2): rsos.210050, 210050. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810050W. PMC 8074693  . PMID 33972886. doi:10.1098/rsos.210050.

[5] Esselstyn JA, Oliveros CH, Swanson MT, Faircloth BC. Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements. Genome Biology and Evolution. September 2017, 9 (9): 2308–2321. PMC 5604124  . PMID 28934378. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx168.

[SCI-20130208-6] O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, et al. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science. February 2013, 339 (6120): 662–7 [2022-09-18]. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..662O. PMID 23393258. S2CID 206544776. doi:10.1126/science.1229237. hdl:11336/7302  . （原始内容存档于2020-03-31）.

[NYT-20130207-7] Wilford JN. Rat-Size Ancestor Said to Link Man and Beast. New York Times. 7 February 2013 [9 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-21）.

[8] Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, et al. Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science. October 2011, 334 (6055): 521–4. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..521M. PMID 21940861. S2CID 38120449. doi:10.1126/science.1211028.

[9] Zhou X, Sun F, Xu S, Yang G, Li M. The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful. Integrative Zoology. March 2015, 10 (2): 186–98. PMID 25311886. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12116.

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