1669年埃特纳火山喷发

1669年埃特纳火山喷发是指在1669年，意大利西西里岛东海岸的埃特纳火山喷发，这是有纪录以来规模最大、最具破坏性的火山喷发。在最初几周，埃特纳火山附近不断发生地震活动，尼科洛西和其他城市遭到破坏。到了3月10日至3月11日晚间，埃特纳火山东南侧出现裂缝喷发口。3月11日，数处裂缝喷发口开始变得活跃，由喷发口喷出的火山碎屑岩和火山喷发碎屑落在西西里岛上空，并累积形成火山渣锥。在3月至4月期间，由埃特纳火山裂缝喷发口喷出的熔岩逐渐向南流动，掩埋许多城镇和农田，最终熔岩覆盖面积多达37平方公里至40平方公里（14平方英里至15平方英里）。

描绘1669年埃特纳火山喷发的壁画

熔岩流动导致大量城镇居民逃往卡塔尼亚寻求庇护，卡塔尼亚还举行祈求火山喷发结束的宗教仪式。到了4月初，熔岩流开始朝着卡塔尼亚的方向流动，这导致城市出现严重危机，大量居民因而选择逃离城市。在这期间，神父迭戈·帕帕拉多和其他50人曾尝试借由破坏熔岩以改变其流向，这也是历史上首起改变熔岩流动方向的尝试。尽管这项工作最初确实成功地改变熔岩的流向，但是由于方向的更改反而会威胁到另一个城镇，使得该城镇的居民将帕帕拉多等人赶走。最终熔岩还是恢复原先朝向卡塔尼亚的流动方向。

到了4月16日，熔岩流抵达卡塔尼亚城墙。由于城墙挡住熔岩流动，这些熔岩到达，开始流入伊奥尼亚海。在两周多后，部分熔岩越过城墙，对于卡塔尼亚造成部分的破坏。整起火山喷发灾害在同年7月中旬结束。1669年埃特纳火山的喷发并无已经确认的死亡人数，但是附近数十个城镇、卡塔尼亚部分地区和农田遭到熔岩流、及伴随喷发的地震摧毁或掩埋。在这期间，埃特纳火山爆发的消息甚至远传至北美地区。许多同一时代的人都描述这一事件，这也导致人们对于埃特纳火山活动的兴趣有所增加。

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外部链接

• Simulation of a present-day repeat