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SpaceX星舰测试任务列表

维基媒体列表条目
此条目介绍的是星舰上级飞行测试列表。关于星舰任务列表，请见“星舰发射任务列表”。

SpaceX 在2019至2021年期间共进行8次亚轨道飞行测试。这些测试只是用星舰（上级）而不是完整星舰发射系统。这些测试包括静态点火测试或系留点火测试[1]及10至12.5公里亚轨道飞行测试[2]

星舰亚轨道原型舰SN8发射

SpaceX于2019年开始使用星虫进行多项测试，包括两次低空系留飞行测试[1]。随后星虫及原型舰SN5和SN6均进行了一次150m低空飞行测试[3][4][5]。另外五艘原型舰（SN8、SN9、SN10、SN11、SN15）分别进行了一次10至12.5公里高的亚轨道飞行测试。[6][7] 在下降过程中，星舰将进行迎风面翻转机动(Belly Flop)，并以水平姿态下降，通过四个机身襟翼进行气动控制，以模拟在轨任务中大气层再入后的下降过程。[8]当下降至约500米的高度时，猛禽发动机将重新点火并将飞船翻转为垂直姿态，以便在混凝土降落区着陆。[9]

飞行记录

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飞行编号 日期及时间
(UTC) 		星舰 发射场[a] 飞行高度 飞行时间(mm:ss) 发射结果 降落结果
- 2019年4月3日 星虫 亚轨道发射场 <0.3米（1英尺0英寸） ~00:03 成功 不适用
星虫首次点火及首次进行系留飞行测试。[10][11]此次测试约为3秒且星虫被锁定在地上。[11][12]
- 2019年4月5日 星虫 亚轨道发射场 1米（3英尺3英寸） ~00:05 成功 不适用
系留飞行测试，拴绳达到极限长度。[13]
1 25 July 2019[3] 星虫 亚轨道发射场 20米（66英尺）[14] ~00:22 成功 成功
首次非系留飞行测试
2 2019年8月27日22:00[15][16] 星虫 亚轨道发射场 150米（490英尺）[15] 00:57[17] 成功 成功
星舰第二次飞行测试，星虫在此次测试后退役。[15][18][19]
3 2020年8月4日23:57[20][21] SN5 亚轨道发射台A 150米（490英尺）[20] 00:51[22] 成功 成功
第二次150米飞行测试，第一次完整尺寸星舰飞行测试[23][24]
4 2020年9月3日17:47[25] SN6 亚轨道发射台A 150米（490英尺）[26] 00:52[27] 成功 成功
第三次150米飞行测试，第二次完整尺寸星舰飞行测试[25]
5 2020年12月9日22:45[28] SN8 亚轨道发射台A 12.5 km（41,000英尺）[29] 06:42[30] 成功 失败
首次高空飞行测试。星舰成功发射、爬升、完成俯冲下降机动、利用降落燃料箱内的燃料重新启动发动机，并成功导航至降落区。[29][31]星舰成功进行迎风面翻转机动，但液态甲烷内的压力急剧下降导致燃料供给速度降低，造成硬着陆及爆炸。[29]
6 2021年2月2日20:25[7] SN9 亚轨道发射台B 10 km（33,000英尺）[32][7][33] 06:26[33] 成功 失败
其中一具猛禽发动机启动失败，导致SN9在降落时过度翻转而失控撞击降落区并爆炸摧毁。[33][34][35][36]
7 2021年3月3日23:15[37][38] SN10 亚轨道发射台A 10 km（33,000英尺）[39] 06:20[40][b] 成功 部分失败
SN10顺利发射及爬升，但发生硬着陆并导致箭体倾斜及起火。[43]最终于降落后8分钟爆炸摧毁。
8 2021年3月30日13:00[44] SN11 亚轨道发射台B 10 km（33,000英尺）[45] 05:49[c][44] 成功 失败
SN11其中一具猛禽发动机于爬升期间发生故障，[46]箭体于T+6:00爆炸摧毁。[47][48] 马斯克表示其中一具猛禽发动机发生液态甲烷泄漏并导致发动机硬启动(Hard Start)而爆炸。[49]
9 2021年5月5日22:24[50] SN15 亚轨道发射台A 10 km（33,000英尺）[51] 05:59[52] 成功 成功
SN15为新一代亚轨道原型舰，并对比上代有着大量升级。[53]。SN15成功完成软着陆。尽管降落后起火，但于20分钟后熄灭，[54][55]随后SN15退役并于2023年7月拆除报废。[56]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ 所有测试都是来自星港
  2. ^ 尽管成功着陆并开始卸载燃料，但数分钟后箭体发生爆炸并摧毁。SpaceX称此次为一次成功的着陆，但后来承认发动机提供的推力低于预期而导致硬着陆[41]，并超过着陆腿的最大承载力而爆炸。[42][38]
  3. ^ 遥测数据中断时间

References

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Gebhardt, Chris. Starhopper conducts Raptor Static Fire tests. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2019-04-04 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  2. ^ Bergin, Chris. From hops to hopes - Starship SN8 advances test program into the next phase. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2020-12-09 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Berger, Eric. SpaceX's Starship prototype has taken flight for the first time. Ars Technica. 2019-07-26 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  4. ^ Baylor, Michael. SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2019-08-27 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  5. ^ Bergin, Chris. SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2020-08-17 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  6. ^ Cotton, Ethan. Starship SN8 | 12.5-kilometer hop. Everyday Astronaut. 2020-11-10 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cotton, Ethan. Starship SN9: 10 kilometer flight. Everyday Astronaut. 24 January 2021 [1 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于21 March 2021）. 
  8. ^ Mike Wall. SpaceX's Starship SN8 prototype soars on epic test launch, with explosive landing. Space.com. 2020-12-09 [2024-09-03] （英语）. 
  9. ^ DeSisto, Austin. Starship and its Belly Flop Maneuver. Everyday Astronaut. 2021-04-23 [2024-09-03] （美国英语）. 
  10. ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]. Starhopper completed tethered hop. All systems green. t.co/0m5Bm5slD2 (推文). 4 April 2019 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 August 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Gebhardt, Chris. Starhopper conducts Raptor Static Fire test. NASASpaceFlight.com. 3 April 2019 [4 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2019）. 
  12. ^ Grush, Loren. SpaceX just fired up the engine on its test Starship vehicle for the first time. The Verge. 3 April 2019 [4 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2019）. 
  13. ^ Baylor, Michael. SpaceX readying Starhopper for hops in Texas as Pad 39A plans materialize in Florida. NASASpaceFlight.com. 2 June 2019 [3 June 2019]. （原始内容存档于29 September 2019）. 
  14. ^ Burghardt, Thomas. Starhopper successfully conducts debut Boca Chica Hop. NASASpaceFlight.com. 25 July 2019 [26 July 2019]. （原始内容存档于26 July 2019）. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Baylor, Michael. SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop. NASASpaceFlight.com. 27 August 2019 [27 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2019）. 
  16. ^ Wall, Mike. SpaceX Starhopper Rocket Prototype Aces Highest (and Final) Test Flight. Space.com. 27 August 2019 [29 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2019）. 
  17. ^ 150 Meter Starhopper Test. SpaceX. 27 August 2019 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  18. ^ Mosher, Dave. SpaceX may cannibalize its first Mars rocket-ship prototype in Elon Musk's race to launch Starship. Business Insider. 7 August 2019 [27 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于7 February 2020）. 
  19. ^ Ralph, Eric. SpaceX scrubs Starhopper's final Raptor-powered flight as Elon Musk talks finicky igniters. Teslarati. 27 August 2019 [27 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2 December 2019）. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Ralph, Eric. SpaceX Starship leaps towards Mars with picture-perfect hop debut. Teslarati. 4 August 2020 [4 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于5 August 2020）. 
  21. ^ Baylor, Michael. Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test. NASASpaceFlight.com. 3 August 2020 [20 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2021）. 
  22. ^ Starship | SN5 | 150m Flight Test. SpaceX. 5 August 2020 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 November 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  23. ^ Clark, Stephen. SpaceX clears big hurdle on next-gen Starship rocket program. Spaceflight Now. 5 August 2020 [5 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于6 August 2020）. 
  24. ^ Baylor, Michael. Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test. NASASpaceflight. 4 August 2020 [4 August 2020]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2021）. 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Wall, Mike. Starship SN6 maiden hop complete - Super Heavy is coming. NASASpaceFlight.com. 3 September 2020 [20 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于4 September 2020）. 
  26. ^ Bergin, Chris. SN6 begins test campaign as future Starships hatch plans for SpaceX's next leap. NASASpaceFlight.com. 16 August 2020 [12 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于30 January 2021）. 
  27. ^ Starship | SN6 | 150m Flight Test. SpaceX. 4 September 2020 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于13 November 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  28. ^ NOTAM. [5 December 2020]. （原始内容存档于8 December 2020）. 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Bergin, Chris. From hops to hopes - Starship SN8 advances test program into the next phase. NASASpaceFlight.com. 9 December 2020 [8 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于10 December 2020）. 
  30. ^ Starship | SN8 | High-Altitude Flight Test. SpaceX. 9 December 2020 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于19 December 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  31. ^ Bergin, Chris. Starship SN8 pressing to Static Fire and nosecone installation firsts. NASASpaceFlight.com. 18 October 2020 [18 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2020）. 
  32. ^ Berger, Eric. What's really going on with Elon Musk, the FAA, and Starship?. Ars Technica. 2021-01-29 [2024-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2021） （美国英语）. 
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Starship | SN9 | High-Altitude Flight Test. SpaceX. 2 February 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于12 December 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  34. ^ Baylor, Michael. Starship SN9 History. Next Spaceflight. [27 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于1 February 2021）. 
  35. ^ Davenport, Christian. What's holding up the next test of SpaceX's Starship? Elon Musk blames the FAA.. The Washington Post. 2021-01-29 [2024-03-19]. ISSN 0190-8286. （原始内容存档于3 February 2021） （美国英语）. 
  36. ^ Bergin, Chris. Starship SN9 fails to gain FAA green light for Friday attempt. NASASpaceFlight.com. 28 January 2021 [29 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2021）. 
  37. ^ Cotton, Ethan. When will SN10 launch? Live Updates. Everyday Astronaut. 22 February 2021 [28 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于21 February 2021）. 
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 Baylor, Michael. Starship SN10 History. Next Spaceflight. [28 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于5 February 2021）. 
  39. ^ Wall, Mike. SpaceX's SN10 Starship prototype lands after epic test launch — but then explodes. Space.com. 4 March 2021 [4 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2021） （英语）. 
  40. ^ Starship | SN10 | High-Altitude Flight Test. SpaceX. 3 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于24 November 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  41. ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]. @austinbarnard45 SN10 engine was low on thrust due (probably) to partial helium ingestion from fuel header tank. Impact of 10m/s crushed legs & part of skirt. Multiple fixes in work for SN11. (推文). 9 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于27 October 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  42. ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]. @PPathole @TimSweeneyEpic This was way past leg loads. They got squashed hard. (推文). 6 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于30 September 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  43. ^ Etherington, Darrell. SpaceX's Starship prototype flies to 32,000 feet and sticks the landing in third flight test. TechCrunch. 4 March 2021 [3 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 March 2021）. 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Starship | SN11 | High-Altitude Flight Test. SpaceX. 30 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于17 December 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  45. ^ Baylor, Michael [@nextspaceflight]. SpaceX is targeting March 26 for Starship SN11's static fire and flight test, per a county road and beach clsoure notice. The main county page has a typo, but this is the text from the formal notice. t.co/Q9GolL1o9g t.co/wpRka8Pa12 (推文). 25 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于30 September 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  46. ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]. @SpaceX Looks like engine 2 had issues on ascent & didn't reach operating chamber pressure during landing burn, but, in theory, it wasn't needed. Something significant happened shortly after landing burn start. Should know what it was once we can examine the bits later today. (推文). 30 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于30 September 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  47. ^ Bergin, Chris [@NASASpaceflight]. Ended in a RUD. Remember, it's a test program and they've gained a lot of wins from the four flights. Stable controlled descent is one, but long-duration Raptor performance deserves a shoutout. This was the last view from SpaceX and sign off from John Insprucker: t.co/4KAnLEWIUG (推文). 30 March 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于23 August 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  48. ^ Sheetz, Michael [@thesheetztweetz]. SpaceX's Starship SN11 captured hurtling back down, with debris seen flying - sound on: t.co/HKyFpJLu9u (推文). 2 April 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于12 February 2022） –通过Twitter （英语）. 
  49. ^ Ralph, Eric. Musk blames SpaceX's latest Starship explosion on Raptor engine leak. teslarati.com. 2021-04-05 [2021-04-05]. （原始内容存档于5 April 2021）. 
  50. ^ Wall, Mike. SpaceX launches Starship SN15 rocket and sticks the landing in high-altitude test flight. Space.com. 5 May 2021 [6 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于6 May 2021）. 
  51. ^ Starship SN15. nextspaceflight.com. [2021-04-22]. （原始内容存档于23 April 2021） （英语）. 
  52. ^ Starship | SN15 | High-Altitude Flight Test. SpaceX. 6 May 2021 [21 December 2022]. （原始内容存档于17 December 2022） –通过YouTube. 
  53. ^ Kettley, Sebastian. SpaceX Starship launch: Will Starship SN15 launch this weekend?. Daily Express. 2021-04-09 [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于10 April 2021） （英语）. 
  54. ^ Timmer, John. SpaceX successfully lands a Starship test flight. Ars Technica. 5 May 2021 [7 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）. 
  55. ^ Template:Cite Tweet
  56. ^ Beyer, Jack. RIP SN15. X (formerly Twitter). July 27, 2024 [September 11, 2024]. 
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