模板:Excerpt

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这种模板用于在其他页面中重复使用部分页面。这种做法有以下优点:

• 通过避免必须多次更新的重复内容而减少维护工作
• 通过鼓励编辑合并相关内容来提高内容质量，而不是在不同的开发阶段有多个版本。
• 通过引导贡献者到一个地方编辑来促进合作。

但它也具有以下缺点 :

• 因为您必须转到子文章才能对主要文章进行更改
• 由于代码生成的问题，一篇文章的摘录格式不能完美地融入一篇新文章，存在段落丢失问题
• 对子文章的更改不会出现在主文章的编辑监视列表中

This template extends the capabilities of the built-in normal transclusion and labeled section transclusion.

Usage

Basic usage

• {{Excerpt|Page title}} — Transclude the lead section (example)
• {{Excerpt|Page title|Section title}} — Transclude a specific section, excluding any subsections (example)

Parameters

• 1 or article or page — Required. Name of the article or page to transclude. By default the lead section is transcluded (example). If the page contains an infobox, the image and caption of the infobox will be transcluded (unless files=0 is set). Also, templates listed at Module:Excerpt/config will not be transcluded (unless requested explicitly with |templates=, see below).
• 2 or section or fragment — Name of the section to transclude (example) or of the <section> tag to transclude (example). Must be marked with <section begin=Name of the fragment/> and <section end=Name of the fragment/> in the transcluded page. Notice that this template provides other ways of targeting specific fragments of a page without having to resort to section tags.
• only — Elements to transclude. By default all elements are transcluded (except templates blacklisted at Module:Excerpt/config)
  • only=file — Transclude only the first file
  • only=files — Transclude only files
  • only=list — Transclude only the first list
  • only=lists — Transclude only lists
  • only=table — Transclude only the first table
  • only=tables — Transclude only tables (example)
  • only=template — Transclude only the first template
  • only=templates — Transclude only templates
  • only=paragraph — Transclude only the first paragraph
  • only=paragraphs — Transclude only paragraphs
• paragraphs — Paragraphs to transclude. By default all paragraphs are transcluded.
  • paragraphs=0 — Transclude no paragraphs
  • paragraphs=1 — Transclude the first paragraph
  • paragraphs=2 — Transclude the second paragraph
  • paragraphs=1,3 — Transclude the first and third paragraphs
  • paragraphs=1-3 — Transclude the first, second and third paragraphs
  • paragraphs=1-3,5 — Transclude the first, second, third and fifth paragraphs
  • paragraphs=-1 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first
  • paragraphs=-2 — Transclude all paragraphs except the second
  • paragraphs=-1,3 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first and third
  • paragraphs=-1-3 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second and third
  • paragraphs=-1-3,5 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second, third and fifth
• lists — Lists to transclude. By default all lists are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs.
• files — Files to transclude. By default all files are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
  • files=A.jpg — Transclude the file named 'A.jpg'
  • files=A.jpg, B.png, C.gif — Transclude the files named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
  • files=.+%.png — Transclude all PNG files
  • files=-A.jpg — Transclude all files except the one named 'A.jpg'
  • files=-A.jpg, B.png, C.gif — Transclude all files except the ones named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
  • files=-.+%.png — Transclude all non-PNG files
• tables — Tables to transclude. By default all tables are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
  • tables=Stats2020 — Transclude the table with id 'Stats2020'
  • tables=Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018 — Transclude the tables with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
  • tables=-Stats2020 — Transclude all tables except the one with id 'Stats2020'
  • tables=-Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018 — Transclude all tables except the ones with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
• templates — Templates to transclude. By default all templates are transcluded except those blacklisted at Module:Excerpt/config. Using a hyphen before a comma-delimited list of templates adds those templates to the blacklist.
  • templates=-Ocean — Add the template 'Ocean' to the blacklist
  • templates=-Ocean, Nature — Add the templates 'Ocean' and 'Nature' to the blacklist
  • templates=Infobox person — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the template 'Infobox person'
  • templates=Infobox person, Ocean — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the templates 'Infobox person' and 'Ocean'
  • templates=.* — Ignore the blacklist and transclude all templates
• this — Change the initial text of the hatnote. For example, if the transcluded content is a gallery, you can set this=This gallery is so that the hatnote reads "This gallery is an excerpt from..." (example).
• displaytitle — Change the text of the link in the hatnote. For example, add italics, subscripts, etc.
• hat=no — Hide the hatnote "This section is an excerpt from..."
• bold=yes — Preserve bold text.
• links=no — Remove all wikilinks.
• quote=yes — Wrap the excerpt with <blockquote> tags.
• inline=yes — Remove the hatnote and <div> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text.
• onlyfreefiles=no — Enables transclusion of non-free files.
• briefdates=yes — Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format
• references=no — Remove all references.
• subsections=yes — Include subsections of the transcluded section. Notice that if the transclusion is done from a section level 3, and the transcluded subsections are level 3 too, then the transcluded subsections will show with the same hierarchy as the transcluding section, which is probably not desirable, so use with caution.

Replacing Template:Main

How to replace a section for an excerpt.

Sections are often summaries of more precise subpages (generally linked with Template:Main). Sometimes it's convenient to replace the content of such sections for excerpts of the subpages (after merging any valuable content of the section into the subpage). In such cases, an efficient way to proceed is:

1. Open the section in one tab and the subpage in another.
2. Edit both.
3. Copy the text of the section and paste it below the lead section of the subpage.
4. Delete repeated content and adjust using common sense.
5. Save the changes in the subpage with an edit summary like: Bring content from [[Page]].
6. Back to the section, delete all content and replace it for an excerpt of the subpage.
7. Save the changes in the section with an edit summary like: Move content to [[Subpage]] and leave an excerpt.

Refinement using inclusion control

更多信息：Help:Template § Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude

Sometimes, a passage will almost fit for a transclusion, but not quite. In these cases, you can edit the source page to add <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags around content you don't want in the excerpt and <includeonly>...</includeonly> tags around content you want only in the excerpt.

For instance, the page COVID-19 misinformation begins The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in misinformation.... However, when excerpting this lead to the misinformation section of COVID-19 pandemic, we don't need to specify which pandemic we're referring to. Therefore, the code The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]] can be used at the misinformation page, so that it will appear at the pandemic page as The pandemic has resulted in misinformation....

For pages with a high volume of edits, it may be a good idea to leave a hidden comment explaining why the tags are there, so that no one will be tempted to remove them.

Please note that when the </noinclude> tag is wrapped into a new line, a character next to it would be interpreted as a line beginning. This can lead to some formatting problems. For example, when a </noinclude> at line beginning is succeeded by a whitespace character, the page engine would translate this as a leading space that renders the subsequent paragraph in code block and monospaced font with preserved formatting. For this reason, no spaces should separate the </noinclude> tag from the text it precedes.

Compared to #section

For simple cases of transcluding sections of articles, the {{#section}}, {{#section-x}}, and {{#section-h}} (abbreviated {{#lst}}, {{#lstx}}, and {{#lsth}})) parser functions can be used instead of this template. {{#lsth:article|fragmentname}} will transclude the section of "article" with the header "fragmentname", and {{#lsth:article}} will transclude the lead section of "article". Excerpting only specific paragraphs can be done by marking up the source article with <section begin=fragmentname/>...<section end=fragmentname/> tags and using {{#lst:article|fragmentname}} to transclude those fragments, which is equivalent to using the |fragment=fragmentname parameter with this template. {{#lsth:article|fragmentname}} can also be used to transclude everything but those fragments.

The text will not be trimmed of excess whitespace, there will not be a header (equivalent to |hat=no, and all files, templates, tables, references, and subsections will be included unless the source article is marked up with <section begin=fragmentname/>...<section end=fragmentname/>, <noinclude>...</noinclude>, or <onlyinclude>...</onlyinclude> tags. Self links will appear in bold.

Excerpt trees

Visual representation of an excerpt tree.

When a very general article uses excerpts from more specific articles, which in turn use excerpts from even more specific articles, then a tree structure emerges, called an "Excerpt tree".

Here you can navigate the main excerpt trees on the English Wikipedia. It's useful for editors interested in expanding or improving them. To navigate the trees, click the following button^(S):

//zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Excerpt&withJS=MediaWiki:ExcerptTree.js#Excerpt_trees

• January 6 United States Capitol attack
• Algae
• Africa
• Aquatic ecosystem
• Bangladesh
• Campanology
• Climate change in Africa
• Climate change in South Asia
• Climate justice
• COVID-19 pandemic
• Ecosystem
  • Aquatic ecosystem
• Effects of climate change on humans
• Environmental impact of agriculture
• Eutrophication
• Fishing industry
• Food
• God
  • Existence of God
• Hygiene
• List of carillons
• List of LGBT-related cases in the United States Supreme Court
• Marine debris
• Middle East
• Ocean
• Plastic pollution
• Public health
• Sanitation
• Sewage
• Sustainable Development Goals
• Tourism
• Wastewater treatment
• Water resources

See also

• Module:Excerpt
• Module:Excerpt/config
• Module:Transcluder
• Help:Transclusion#Drawbacks
• Category:Articles with excerpts, or Articles that link to "Template:Excerpt" (unsorted)
• Category:Articles with broken excerpts
• Help:Labeled section transclusion – A more efficient method for simple section transclusions
• Wikipedia:Transclusion#Selective transclusion – how to transclude one or more sections of an article or project page into another
• Wikipedia:Summary style#Synchronization
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section
• Wikipedia:WikiProject Introductions
• {{Transcluded section}} – creates hatnote but does not transclude the section
  • Pages that link to "Template:Transcluded section" (articles) (unsorted)
• {{Transcluding article}} – transcludes one or more entire pages
  • Pages that link to "Template:Transcluding article" (articles) (unsorted)
• meta:Grants:Project/Rapid/Sophivorus/Excerpts - Grant to spread excerpts to various Wikipedias
• meta:Concise Wikipedia - Perennial new project proposal (see the comparison table at the bottom in particular)
• Single source of truth
• Excerpts: Modular and Reusable Content within Wikipedia - Video presentation about excerpts for Wikimania 2021
• {{Transclude lead excerpt}} and {{Transclude linked excerpt}} – templates designed for excerpt transclusion in portals

Template data

此模板用于在条目中嵌入指定的另一条目的特定内容。

模板参数[编辑模板数据]

参数		描述	类型	状态
条目	1 article page	要纳入的条目名或页面名 示例值 汉语	页面名称	必需
章节	2 section fragment	要纳入的章节名称或<section>标签 示例值 历史	字符串	可选
仅限	only	仅纳入指定的元素类型 示例值 table	字符串	可选
段落	paragraphs paragraph	要纳入的段落 示例值 1-3,5	字符串	可选
文件	files file	要纳入的文件 默认值 1 示例值 1-3,5	字符串	可选
表格	tables table	要纳入的表格 示例值 Stats2020	字符串	可选
列表	lists list	纳入的列表 示例值 1	字符串	可选
模板	templates template	纳入的模板 示例值 Infobox person	字符串	可选
参考文献	references	是否纳入参考文献 示例值 no	布尔	可选
子章节	subsections	是否纳入所请求章节的子章节 示例值 yes	布尔	可选
Hatnote	hat	是否包含hatnote 默认值 yes 示例值 no	布尔	可选
粗体	bold	是否保留文字粗体格式 默认值 yes 示例值 no	布尔	可选
维基内链	links	是否保留内链格式 默认值 yes 示例值 no	布尔	可选
引用	quote	用<blockquote>标签包覆此节选 默认值 no 示例值 yes	布尔	可选
This	this	Change the initial text of the hatnote 示例值 This gallery is	字符串	可选
显示标题	displaytitle	Change the text of the link in the hatnote	字符串	可选
内联	inline	移除节选中的hatnote和<div>标签，便于放在其他文本之中 默认值 no 示例值 yes	布尔	可选
仅自由文件	onlyfreefiles	允许纳入非自由文件 默认值 no 示例值 yes	布尔	可选
日期简化	briefdates	生卒信息简化为YYYY-YYYY格式 默认值 no 示例值 yes	布尔	可选
CSS类	class	额外CSS类 示例值 noprint	字符串	可选

上述文档嵌入自Template:Excerpt/doc。 (编辑 | 历史)
编者可以在本模板的沙盒 (创建 | 镜像)和测试样例 (编辑)页面进行实验。
请在/doc子页面中添加分类。 本模板的子页面。