长脚蛛科
蜘蛛目的一科节肢动物
(重定向自Tetragnathidae)
长脚蛛科(学名:Tetragnathidae),又名肖蛸科或肖峭科[1],是蜘蛛目新蛛下目一个蜘蛛的科,由Antoní d Menge于1866年描述[2]。
肖蛸科![]() 化石时期:
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Metellina mengei | |
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一只雌性的山地肖峭(Tetragnatha montana) | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
目: | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
亚目: | 背突蛛亚目 Opisthothelae |
下目: | 新蛛亚目 Araneomorphae |
演化支: | 复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae |
演化支: | 圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae |
总科: | 金蛛总科 Araneoidea |
科: | 肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 |
属 | |
多样性 | |
48个属、1162个个物种 | |
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形态描述
编辑本科物种有一具拉长了的身体、腿及螯肢,所结的蜘蛛网都是空心圆网,其网经长呈水平或稍微倾斜。部分物种通常可在近水的长长植被里发现[3]。蜘蛛体长雌性约9~13毫米,雄性约7~8毫米。与多半蜘蛛相同,属于本科物种皆有八单眼,其位置如下:
系统学
编辑根据《中国动物志》,本科包括六个亚科、20个属[1],但有部分分类现时已独立出去,但仍归到金蛛总科之下。 截至2019年4月[update],World Spider Catalog接纳以下有现生种的属[4]:
- Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
- Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
- Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
- Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
- Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
- Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
- Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
- Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
- Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
- 锯螯蛛属 锯螯蛛属 Simon, 1893:见于印尼、巴西及萨摩亚。
- Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 — New Zealand
- Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
- Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
- Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
- 银腹蛛属 Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
- Leucauge White, 1841:又名银鳞蛛属[1]:v ,见于非洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、南美洲、中美洲及加勒比海。
- Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
- Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
- 后蛛属 Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
- Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
- Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
- Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
- Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
- Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
- Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 — Papua New Guinea
- Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
- Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
- Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
- Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
- Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
- Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
- Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
- Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
- Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
- Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
- Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
- Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
- Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
- 长脚蜘蛛属 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804:又名肖蛸属[1]:v— Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
- Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
- 隆背蛛属 Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
- Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
- Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel
化石种
编辑下列各属只有化石种,没有现生种[5]:
- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (古近纪, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (白垩纪, Las Hoyas, Spain)
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
过往属于本科的属
编辑- Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in 圆蛛科
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
- Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha
参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 朱明生; 宋大祥; 张俊霞 (编). 《中国动物志》 (PDF). 无脊椎动物 第35卷 蛛形纲 蜘蛛目 肖蛸科. 科学出版社. 2003-10: 536 pp. [2020-12-24]. ISBN 9787030213259 (中文(简体)).
- ^ Menge, Anton. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1866, 1.
- ^ Kindall; et al. Arachnidae: An Encyclopedia. San Diego, CA: Random House. 2005: 567.
- ^ Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866. World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. [2019-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-04).
- ^ Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
外部链接
编辑- 维基物种上的相关信息:长脚蛛科
- Tree of Life Tetragnathidae (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Tatragnatha sp. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Pictures of Tetragnatha sp. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (free for noncommercial use)