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La Dame à la licorne
ja：贵妇人と一角獣
艺术家未知
年份约1484年至1500年
类型六幅织锦挂毯
收藏地法国巴黎克鲁尼博物馆（法语：Musée de Cluny）[注释 1]

《贵妇人与独角兽》（英语：The Lady and the Unicorn，法语：La Dame à la licorne）[注释 2]is the modern title given to a series of six tapestries woven in Flanders of wool and silk, from designs ("cartoons") drawn in Paris around 1500.[4] The set, on display in the Musée national du Moyen Âge (former Musée de Cluny) in Paris, is often considered one of the greatest works of art of the Middle Ages in Europe.

Five of the tapestries are commonly interpreted as depicting the five senses – taste, hearing, sight, smell, and touch. The sixth displays the words "À mon seul désir". The tapestry's meaning is obscure, but has been interpreted as representing love or understanding. Each of the six tapestries depicts a noble lady with the unicorn on her left and a lion on her right; some include a monkey in the scene. The pennants, as well as the armour of the Unicorn and Lion in the tapestry bear the arms of the sponsor, Jean Le Viste（英语：Jean Le Viste）, a powerful nobleman in the court of King Charles VII. However, a very recent study of the heraldry appears to lend credence to another hypothesis - previously dismissed - that the real sponsor of the tapestry is Antoine II Le Viste (1470-1534), a descendant of the younger branch of the Le Viste family and an important figure at the court of Charles VIII, Louis XII and François I.[5]

The tapestries are created in the style of mille-fleur（英语：mille-fleur）s (meaning: "thousand flowers").

The tapestries were rediscovered in 1841 by Prosper Mérimée in Boussac castle (owned at the time by the subprefect of the Creuse) where they had been suffering damage from their storage conditions. The novelist George Sand brought public attention to the tapestries in her works at the time. The cycle has been in the Musée de Cluny (Musée du Moyen-Âge) in Paris since 1882.[6]

The tapestries

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Edmond du Sommerard, curator of the Musée de Cluny, who bought the tapestry
Taste

The lady is taking sweets from a dish held by a maidservant. Her eyes are on a parakeet on her upheld left hand. The lion and the unicorn are both standing on their hind legs reaching up to pennants that frame the lady on either side. The monkey is at her feet, eating one of the sweetmeats.

Hearing

The lady plays a portative organ（英语：portative organ） on top of a table covered with a Oriental rug（英语：Oriental rug）. Her maidservant stands to the opposite side and operates the bellows. The lion and unicorn once again frame the scene holding up the pennants. Just as on all the other tapestries, the unicorn is to the lady's left and the lion to her right - a common denominator to all the tapestries.

Sight

The lady is seated, holding a mirror up in her right hand. The unicorn kneels on the ground, with his front legs in the lady's lap, from which he gazes at his reflection in the mirror. The lion on the left holds up a pennant.

Smell

The lady stands, making a wreath of flowers. Her maidservant holds a basket of flowers within her easy reach. Again, the lion and unicorn frame the lady while holding on to the pennants. The monkey has stolen a flower which he is smelling, providing the key to the allegory.

Touch

The lady stands with one hand touching the unicorn's horn, and the other holding up the pennant. The lion sits to the side and looks on.

À Mon Seul Désir

This tapestry is wider than the others, and has a somewhat different style. The lady stands in front of a tent, across the top of which is written "À Mon Seul Désir", an obscure motto, variously interpretable as "my one/sole desire", "according to my desire alone"; "by my will alone", "love desires only beauty of soul", "to calm passion". Her maidservant stands to the right, holding open a chest. The lady is placing the necklace she wears in the other tapestries into the chest. To her left is a low bench with bags of coins on it. It is the only tapestry in which she is seen to smile. The unicorn and the lion stand in their normal spots framing the lady while holding onto the pennants.

This tapestry has elicited a number of interpretations. One interpretation sees the lady putting the necklace into the chest as a renunciation of the passions aroused by the other senses, and as an assertion of her free will. Another sees the tapestry as representing a sixth sense of understanding (derived from the sermons of Jean Gerson（英语：Jean Gerson） of the University of Paris, c. 1420). Various other interpretations see the tapestry as representing love or virginity. It is also debated whether the lady in "À Mon Seul Désir" is picking up or setting aside the necklace.

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  • The tapestries are described in detail by the narrator of Rainer Maria Rilke's novel The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge.
  • The Lady and the Unicorn is the title of a 1970 album by the English folk guitarist John Renbourn（英语：John Renbourn）, comprising arrangements of early music. It shows the tapestry À Mon Seul Désir on its cover.
  • These tapestries are depicted in The Lady and the Unicorn by Tracy Chevalier.
  • A trilogy of historical novels by Pith Schure have come out under titles of the format La Licorne and.... In this richly illustrated work the tapestries come and go.
  • Several of the tapestries can be seen hanging on the walls of the Gryffindor Common Room in the Harry Potter films（英语：Harry Potter films）.
  • These tapestries have also appeared in the book named Century by Sarah Singleton.
  • The six tapestries have inspired the six movements of Kaija Saariaho（英语：Kaija Saariaho）'s clarinet concerto D'OM LE VRAI SENS (2010). The title is an anagram of "A mon seul désir".
  • The tapestries are seen and identified in the first episode of Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn, and foreshadow the overall plotline of the series. In addition they are seen throughout the series. The character Cardeas Vist owns the original tapestry.
  • The tapestry Sight is the cover art of Anonymous 4（英语：Anonymous 4） 1994 early music CD Love's Illusion: Music from the Montpellier Codex 13th Century.
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相关条目

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注脚

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注释

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  1. ^ 译名参考自新浪网[1]，部分来源翻译成“克吕尼博物馆”[2]
  2. ^ 译名参考自178动漫频道[3]，部分来源翻译成《淑女与独角兽》[1]或《淑女和独角兽》[2]

参考来源

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 许嘉. 当毕加索设计挂毯 可以御寒的艺术史. 新浪网. 2014-03-05 [2014-05-21] （中文（中国大陆））. 《淑女与独角兽》作于15世纪……现存于巴黎克鲁尼博物馆(Cluny Museum)……六幅挂毯表面上描绘了贵妇人与独角兽的场景，其实还暗含了对五种感官(视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉)和欲望的比喻……图版成稿于巴黎，在佛兰德斯制造……无法得知图版绘制者的姓名 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 曾炜. 巴黎 ? 一年前(1). 梦想飞行里程之蓝色换日线. 南海出版公司. 2007-09-20 [2014-05-21] （中文（中国大陆））. 在颇富盛名的克吕尼博物馆内参观那幅名为《淑女和独角兽》的精美挂毯时 
  3. ^ 平静. 机动战士高达UC中「贵妇人与独角兽」织绵壁毯将展出. 178动漫频道. 2013-02-23 [2014-05-21] （中文（中国大陆））. “贵妇人与独角兽”是制作于1500年左右的一组织绵壁毯，长共约22米，共六面，每一面分别表现出“味觉”、“听觉”、“视觉”、“嗅觉”、“触觉”等人类的五感，最后一幅则有种种解释：“爱”、“知性”、“结婚”、“理解”，即是“唯一的愿望”……真品将于4月24至7月15日在东京国立新美术馆，7月27日至10月20日在大阪国立国际美术馆进行展出……全套“贵妇人与独角兽”第一次在日本展出……于1841年被法国文物总监梅里美发现……确认它属于法国里昂的让-勒·维斯特(Jean Le Viste)……它的制作时间为1485年至1500年之间……曾有观点认为这组壁毯是一件结婚礼物，但因为并未出现结婚对方的家族纹章等图样，因此也有观点认为维斯特家族订制此套华丽的壁毯是为了表明自己的身份地位，显示自己的财富…… 
  4. ^ See the six tapestries at the Musée du Moyen-Âge website
  5. ^ Carmen Decu Teodorescu, "La tenture de la Dame la licorne : nouvelle lecture des armoiries", in Bulletin Monumental, Société française d'archéologie（英语：Société française d'archéologie）, n° 168-4, 2010, pp. 355-367. The coat of arms that appears on the tapestry was attributed by specialists to the older branch and to the chief of the Le Viste family, Jean IV Le Viste, but it blatantly breaks the rules of French heraldry with an incorrect superposition of colours (blue on red) . While underscoring the weakness of the arguments in favour of the name Jean IV Le Viste as the patron of the tapestry, this new study suggests the probability of the intervention of Antoine II Le Viste, the descendant of the younger branch of the family, in ordering the Lady and the Unicorn. The incorrect superposition of colours could have been a deliberate choice intended to apprise the observer, in an explicit et well known manner, that he was faced with a familiar phenomenon, that of the modification of the coat of arms by a mark of cadency. Documentary sources appear to lend credence to this hypothesis
  6. ^ 上夜. 机动战士高达UC中「贵妇人与独角兽」织绵壁毯将展出. 178动漫频道. 2013-02-22 [2014-05-21] （中文（中国大陆））. 与高达UC的故事有千丝万缕联系的名为“贵妇人与独角兽”的织绵壁毯……动画版Episode1中，巴纳吉与奥黛丽到卡迪亚思官邸里时，也看到了这组壁毯 

外部链接

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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：The Lady and the Unicorn


Category:Tapestries（英语：Category:Tapestries） Category:1490s works（英语：Category:1490s works） Category:Unicorns（英语：Category:Unicorns） Category:Gothic art（英语：Category:Gothic art） Category:Lions in art（英语：Category:Lions in art）

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