用户:PhiLiP/泰国鸟类列表

当地常见留鸟灰腹绣眼鸟

在泰国的野外，共记录有982种鸟类存在。其中3种为特有种，1种由人类引入，45种稀有或罕见。7种已在泰国绝灭的不包含在上述数字中，另有49种为全球性受威胁鸟种。下表中的属、种依照Clements（2000）的顺序；例外的位置会加以指出；表中列出的物种来自Robson（2004），在泰国的状况参考自Lekagul和Round（1991）。没有指出状况的物种为留鸟或非稀有的不完全留鸟。

据1991年的估计，泰国的留鸟数量有159种；受威胁或易受威胁的候鸟数量有23种，这些威胁主要来自于森林砍伐、非法采伐、盗猎以及栖息地退化（特别是在低地地区）。这些物种中最受影响的为大型水鸟和森林鸟种，前者的湿地栖息地受农业影响大为减少，后者的森林也因农业毁林而消失或退化为林地。

Laem Pak Bia, a location for the enigmatic 'White-faced' Plover

The birds of Thailand are mainly typical of the Indomalaya ecozone, with affinities to the Indian subcontinent to the west, and, particularly in the southern Peninsular region, with the Sundaic fauna to the southeast. The northern mountains are outliers of the Tibetan Plateau, with many species of montane birds, and in winter the avifauna is augmented by migrants from the eastern Palearctic and Himalayas. The Java Sparrow has been introduced by man, and the Cattle Egret has naturally colonised.

Thailand's habitats are contiguous with those of neighbouring countries, so it has few endemic birds. Perhaps the most intriguing is the White-eyed River Martin, known only from its single wintering site in Thailand, but is now probably extinct.

Grebes

Little Grebe in non-breeding plumage

Name	Binomial	Status
Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis
Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps cristatus	Very rare winter visitor
Black-necked Grebe	Podiceps nigricollis	Very rare winter visitor

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes. Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide of which three have occurred in Thailand.

Short-tailed Shearwater is a long-distance migrant occasionally recorded in Thailand

Common name	Binomial	Status
Streaked Shearwater	Calonectris leucomelas	Very rare winter visitor
Wedge-tailed Shearwater	Puffinus pacificus	Accidental
Short-tailed Shearwater	Puffinus tenuirostris	Accidental, may be under-recorded

Storm-petrels

Storm-petrels are small birds which spend most of their lives at sea, coming ashore only to breed. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering or pattering across the water. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 22 species worldwide, one of which has been recorded in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Swinhoe's Storm-petrel	Oceanodroma monorhis	Accidental, one record

Tropicbirds

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. There are three species worldwide of which two have occurred in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-tailed Tropicbird	Phaethon rubricauda	Accidental
White-tailed Tropicbird	Phaethon lepturus	Accidental

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Pelecanidae

Spot-billed Pelican, once common, now rare and endangered

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are eight species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Spot-billed Pelican	Pelecanus philippensis	Rare, probably once bred. Globally threatened

Boobies

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Sulidae

The gannets and boobies in the family Sulidae are medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive for fish. There are nine species worldwide of which three have occurred in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Masked Booby	Sula dactylatra	Accidental
Red-footed Booby	Sula sula	Accidental
Brown Booby	Sula leucogaster	Rare visitor, formerly bred

Cormorants

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies; the majority of species have mainly dark plumage, but some are pied black and white, and a few are more colourful. There are 38 members of this family worldwide, of which three occur in Thailand.

Little Cormorant, a resident breeding species

Common name	Binomial	Status
Indian Cormorant	Phalacrocorax fuscicollis	Rare winter visitor, formerly bred
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo
Little Cormorant	Phalacrocorax niger

Darters

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Anhingidae

Oriental Darter. Adult of this now rare species

Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because they have long thin necks, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged.

The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage, especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. There are four species worldwide, of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Oriental Darter	Anhinga melanogaster	Rare and globally threatened visitor, formerly bred

Frigatebirds

Order: Pelecaniformes. Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large sea-birds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have inflatable coloured throat pouches. They do not swim or walk, and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are five species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Christmas Island Frigatebird	Fregata andrewsi	Winter visitor
Great Frigatebird	Fregata minor	Rare
Lesser Frigatebird	Fregata ariel	Winter visitor

Bitterns, herons and egrets

Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of this family fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide of which 20 occur in Thailand.

Yellow Bittern
very common resident and winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	Winter visitor, formerly bred
Great-billed Heron	Ardea sumatrana	Now very rare
Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea	Winter visitor
Eastern Great Egret	Ardea modesta
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	Winter visitor
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta
Chinese Egret	Egretta eulophotes	Very rare winter visitor, globally vulnerable
Pacific Reef Heron	Egretta sacra
Indian Pond Heron	Ardeola grayii
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	Winter visitor
Javan Pond Heron	Ardeola speciosa
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
Striated Heron	Butorides striata
Black-crowned Night-Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax
Malayan Night-Heron	Gorsachius melanolophus
Yellow Bittern	Ixobrychus sinensis
Schrenck's Bittern	Ixobrychus eurhythmus	Passage migrant
Cinnamon Bittern	Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Black Bittern	Ixobrychus flavicollis
Great Bittern	Botaurus stellaris	Winter visitor

Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are virtually mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide of which ten occur in Thailand.

Painted Stork
now a rare breeder and passage migrant

Common name	Binomial	Status
Milky Stork	Mycteria cinerea	Extirpated and globally vulnerable
Painted Stork	Mycteria leucocephala
Asian Openbill	Anastomus oscitans
Black Stork	Ciconia nigra	Rare winter visitor
Woolly-necked Stork	Ciconia episcopus	Now very rare
Storm's Stork	Ciconia stormi
White Stork	Ciconia ciconia	One record
Black-necked Stork	Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus	Extirpated and globally threatened
Lesser Adjutant	Leptoptilos javanicus	Rare
Greater Adjutant	Leptoptilos dubius	Extirpated and globally endangered

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Ciconiiformes. Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which comprises the ibises and spoonbills. Its members have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary flight feathers. They are strong fliers and, despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide of which six occur in Thailand.

Black-faced Spoonbill
rare winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-headed Ibis	Threskiornis melanocephalus	Extirpated and globally threatened
White-shouldered Ibis	Pseudibis davisoni	Extirpated and globally critically endangered
Giant Ibis	Pseudibis gigantea	Extirpated and globally critically endangered
Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus
Eurasian Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia	Very rare winter visitor
Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor	Very rare winter visitor, globally endangered

Ducks, geese and swans

Order: Anseriformes. Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide of which 25 occur in Thailand.

Male Cotton Pigmy-goose

Common name	Binomial	Status
Lesser Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna javanica
Swan Goose	Anser cygnoides	Accidental
Greylag Goose	Anser anser	Accidental
Bar-headed Goose	Anser indicus	Very rare winter visitor
Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna ferruginea	Rare winter visitor
Common Shelduck	Tadorna tadorna	Very rare winter visitor, one record
White-winged Duck	Cairina scutulata	Very rare and endangered resident
Comb Duck	Sarkidiornis melanotos	Rare resident
Cotton Pygmy-goose	Nettapus coromandelianus
Mandarin Duck	Aix galericulata	Very rare winter visitor
Eurasian Wigeon	Anas penelope Winter visitor
Falcated Duck	Anas falcata	Accidental
Gadwall	Anas strepera	Very rare winter visitor
Common Teal	Anas crecca	Winter visitor
Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos	Accidental
Spot-billed Duck	Anas poecilorhyncha	Rare winter visitor
Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	Winter visitor
Garganey	Anas querquedula	Winter visitor
Northern Shoveler	Anas clypeata	Winter visitor
Red-crested Pochard	Netta rufina	Very rare winter visitor
Common Pochard	Aythya ferina	Very rare winter visitor
Ferruginous Duck	Aythya nyroca	Rare winter visitor
Baer's Pochard	Aythya baeri	Rare winter visitor
Tufted Duck	Aythya fuligula	Rare winter visitor

Osprey

Order: Falconiformes. Family: Pandionidae

The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	Winter visitor

Eagles, kites and allies

Order: Falconiformes. Family: Accipitridae

The Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds mostly have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide of which 46 occur in Thailand.

Crested Serpent Eagle,
a common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Jerdon's Baza	Aviceda jerdoni
Black Baza	Aviceda leuphotes
Oriental Honey-buzzard	Pernis ptilorhynchus
Bat Hawk	Macheiramphus alcinus	Rare and threatened
Black-shouldered Kite	Elanus caeruleus
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	Winter visitor, some breed
Brahminy Kite	Haliastur indus
White-bellied Sea Eagle	Haliaeetus leucogaster
Pallas's Fish Eagle	Haliaeetus leucoryphus	One record
White-tailed Eagle	Haliaeetus albicilla	Much reduced in numbers
Lesser Fish Eagle	Ichthyophaga humilis	Rare resident
Grey-headed Fish Eagle	Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus	Very rare and globally near-threatened
White-rumped Vulture	Gyps bengalensis	Possibly extinct
Indian Vulture	Gyps indicus	Possibly extinct
Himalayan Griffon Vulture	Gyps himalayensis	Accidental
Cinereous Vulture	Aegypius monachus	Rare winter visitor
Red-headed Vulture	Sarcogyps calvus
Short-toed Eagle	Circaetus gallicus	Rare passage migrant and winter visitor
Crested Serpent Eagle	Spilornis cheela
Western Marsh Harrier	Circus aeruginosus	Rare winter visitor
Eastern Marsh Harrier	Circus spilonotus	Winter visitor
Hen Harrier	Circus cyaneus	Rare winter visitor
Pallid Harrier	Circus macrourus	Accidental
Pied Harrier	Circus melanoleucos	Winter visitor
Crested Goshawk	Accipiter trivirgatus
Shikra	Accipiter badius
Chinese Goshawk	Accipiter soloensis	Passage migrant and winter visitor
Japanese Sparrowhawk	Accipiter gularis	Passage migrant and winter visitor
Besra	Accipiter virgatus
Eurasian Sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus	Rare winter visitor
Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis	Rare winter visitor
Rufous-winged Buzzard	Butastur liventer
Grey-faced Buzzard	Butastur indicus	Passage migrant and winter visitor
Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	Winter visitor
Black Eagle	Ictinaetus malayensis
Greater Spotted Eagle	Aquila clanga	Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor
Steppe Eagle	Aquila nipalensis	Accidental
Imperial Eagle	Aquila heliaca	Rare winter visitor
Bonelli's Eagle	Aquila fasciatus	Rare
Booted Eagle	Aquila pennatus	Rare passage migrant and winter visitor
Rufous-bellied Eagle	Aquila kienerii
Changeable Hawk-eagle	Spizaetus cirrhatus
Mountain Hawk-eagle	Spizaetus nipalensis
Blyth's Hawk-eagle	Spizaetus alboniger
Wallace's Hawk-eagle	Spizaetus nanus

Falcons

Order: Falconiformes. Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide of which nine occur in Thailand.

Eurasian Hobby, a rare winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-rumped Falcon	Polihierax insignis
Collared Falconet	Microhierax caerulescens
Black-thighed Falconet	Microhierax fringillarius
Eurasian Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	Winter visitor
Amur Falcon	Falco amurensis	Very rare passage migrant
Merlin	Falco columbarius
Eurasian Hobby	Falco subbuteo	Rare winter visitor
Oriental Hobby	Falco severus
Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus	Mainly winter visitor

Pheasants and partridges

Order: Galliformes. Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide of which 26 occur in Thailand.

Malayan Peacock-pheasant,
near extinct due to deforestation

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chinese Francolin	Francolinus pintadeanus
Long-billed Partridge	Rhizothera longirostris
Japanese Quail	Coturnix japonica	Very rare winter visitor
Rain Quail	Coturnix coromandelica
Blue-breasted Quail	Coturnix chinensis
Rufous-throated Partridge	Arborophila rufogularis
Grey-breasted Partridge	Arborophila orientalis	Accidental. Sometimes split as Malayan Partridge A. campbelli
Bar-backed Partridge	Arborophila brunneopectus
Chestnut-headed Partridge	Arborophila cambodiana
Scaly-breasted Partridge	Arborophila chloropus
Chestnut-necklaced Partridge	Arborophila charltonii	Rare and globally endangered
Ferruginous Partridge	Caloperdix oculea
Crested Partridge	Rollulus rouloul	Rare and globally threatened
Mountain Bamboo-partridge	Bambusicola fytchii
Red Junglefowl	Gallus gallus
Kalij Pheasant	Lophura leucomelanos
Silver Pheasant	Lophura nycthemera
Crestless Fireback	Lophura erythrophthalma
Crested Fireback	Lophura ignita	Rare and globally endangered
Siamese Fireback	Lophura diardi
Hume's Pheasant	Syrmaticus humiae	Rare
Grey Peacock-pheasant	Polyplectron bicalcaratum
Malayan Peacock-pheasant	Polyplectron malacense	Near extinct
Great Argus	Argusianus argus
Green Peafowl	Pavo muticus	Rare, much reduced in numbers

Buttonquails

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails.The female is the brighter of the sexes, and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. There are 16 species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Barred Buttonquail, a common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Small Buttonquail	Turnix sylvatica
Yellow-legged Buttonquail	Turnix tanki
Barred Buttonquail	Turnix suscitator

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide of which two occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Sarus Crane	Grus antigone	Extirpated and globally vulnerable
Common Crane	Grus grus	Accidental

Rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and appear to be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide of which 15 occur in Thailand.

White-breasted Waterhen
very common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-legged Crake	Rallina fasciata
Slaty-legged Crake	Rallina eurizonoides	Rare, mainly winter visitor
Slaty-breasted Rail	Gallirallus striatus
Water Rail	Rallus aquaticus	Rare winter visitor
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus
Black-tailed Crake	Amaurornis bicolor	Rare
Baillon's Crake	Porzana pusilla	Winter visitor
Spotted Crake	Porzana porzana	Very rare winter visitor
Ruddy-breasted Crake	Porzana fusca
Band-bellied Crake	Porzana paykullii	Very rare winter visitor
White-browed Crake	Porzana cinerea
Watercock	Gallicrex cinerea	Summer visitor and resident
Purple Swamphen	Porphyrio porphyrio
Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian Coot	Fulica atra	Winter visitor

Finfoot

Order: Gruiformes. Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is small family of tropical birds which webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. There are three species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Masked Finfoot	Heliopais personata	Winter visitor and passage migrant

Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found worldwide in the Tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There are eight species worldwide of which two occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Pheasant-tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus	Winter visitor and resident
Bronze-winged Jacana	Metopidius indicus

Painted snipe

Female Greater Painted-snipe.
This is one of the few birds where the female is brighter than the male

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Rostratulidae

Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are two species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Greater Painted-snipe	Rostratula benghalensis

Crab Plover

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Dromadidae

The Crab Plover is related to the waders, but is the only member of its family. It resembles a plover but has very long grey legs and a strong black bill similar to that of a tern. It has black and white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet and a bill designed for eating crabs.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Crab Plover	Dromas ardeola	Rare but annual in winter

Avocets and stilts

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Recurvirostridae

The Black-winged Stilt is common in wetlands

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are nine species worldwide of which two occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	Resident and winter visitor
Pied Avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta	Accidental

Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. There are nine species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Stone Curlew	Burhinus oedicnemus	Rare
Great Thick-knee	Burhinus recurvirostris	Possibly extinct
Beach Thick-knee	Burhinus magnirostris	Rare and local

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 17 species worldwide of which two occur in Thailand.

Little Pratincole, a wader which hunts insects in flight

Common name	Binomial	Status
Oriental Pratincole	Glareola maldivarum	Summer visitor
Little Pratincole	Glareola lactea	Resident and winter visitor

Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide of which 14 occur in Thailand. In addition to the listed species, a distinctive Charadrius plover known as ‘White-faced’ Plover has been seen in Thailand in recent years. It is at present unclear whether it is a new species or a subspecies of Kentish Plover.

Adult Grey Plover, common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Northern Lapwing	Vanellus vanellus	Rare winter visitor
River Lapwing	Vanellus duvaucelii
Grey-headed Lapwing	Vanellus cinereus	Winter visitor
Red-wattled Lapwing	Vanellus indicus
Pacific Golden Plover	Pluvialis fulva	Winter visitor
Grey Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	Winter visitor
Ringed Plover	Charadrius hiaticula	Accidental
Long-billed Plover	Charadrius placidus	Rare winter visitor
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	Winter visitor
Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus	Winter visitor
Malaysian Plover	Charadrius peronii
Lesser Sand Plover	Charadrius mongolus	Winter visitor
Greater Sand Plover	Charadrius leschenaultii	Winter visitor

Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide of which 39 occur in Thailand.

Red-necked Stints
very common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian Woodcock	Scolopax rusticola	Winter visitor
Jack Snipe	Lymnocryptes minimus	Rare winter visitor
Wood Snipe	Gallinago nemoricola	Very rare winter visitor
Pintail Snipe	Gallinago stenura	Winter visitor
Swinhoe's Snipe	Gallinago megala	Very rare winter visitor
Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago	Winter visitor
Long-billed Dowitcher	Limnodromus scolopaceus	One record
Asian Dowitcher	Limnodromus semipalmatus	Rare on passage
Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa	Winter visitor
Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa lapponica	Winter visitor
Little Curlew	Numenius minutus	Very rare passage migrant
Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	Winter visitor
Eurasian Curlew	Numenius arquata	Winter visitor
Far Eastern Curlew	Numenius madagascariensis	Rare passage migrant
Spotted Redshank	Tringa erythropus	Winter visitor
Common Redshank	Tringa totanus	Winter visitor
Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis	Winter visitor
Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	Winter visitor
Nordmann's Greenshank	Tringa guttifer	Rare winter visitor
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	Winter visitor
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	Winter visitor
Terek Sandpiper	Xenus cinereus	Winter visitor
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	Winter visitor
Grey-tailed Tattler	Heterosceles brevipes	Rare on passage
Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	Winter visitor
Great Knot	Calidris tenuirostris	Mainly passage migrant
Red Knot	Calidris canutus	Winter visitor
Sanderling	Calidris alba	Winter visitor
Red-necked Stint	Calidris ruficollis	Common winter visitor
Little Stint	Calidris minuta	Rare in winter
Temminck's Stint	Calidris temminckii	Winter visitor
Long-toed Stint	Calidris subminuta	Winter visitor
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper	Calidris acuminata	Very rare winter visitor
Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	Winter visitor
Dunlin	Calidris alpina	Rare winter visitor
Spoon-billed Sandpiper	Eurynorhynchus pygmeus	Rare on passage and in winter, declining due to collapse of breeding population
Broad-billed Sandpiper	Limicola falcinellus	Winter visitor
Ruff	Philomachus pugnax	Winter and passage visitor
Red-necked Phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus	Rare in winter or on passage

Skuas

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are seven species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Pomarine Skua	Stercorarius pomarinus	Winter visitor
Arctic Skua	Stercorarius parasiticus	Rare winter visitor
Long-tailed Skua	Stercorarius longicaudus	Accidental

Gulls

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large birds seabirds and includes gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide of which eight occur in Thailand.

Heuglin's Gulls
uncommon winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-tailed Gull	Larus crassirostris	Very rare winter visitor
Common Gull	Larus canus	Accidental
Heuglin's Gull	Larus heuglini	Winter visitor
Caspian Gull	Larus cachinnans	Uncertain status
Great Black-headed Gull	Larus ichthyaetus	Very rare winter visitor
Brown-headed Gull	Larus brunnicephalus	Rare winter visitor
Black-headed Gull	Larus ridibundus	Winter visitor
Slender-billed Gull	Larus genei	Very rare winter visitor
Slaty-backed Gull	Larus schistisagus	Very rare winter visitor

Terns

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Sternidae

Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25 to 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide of which 16 occur in Thailand.

Whiskered Tern
very common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Gull-billed Tern	Sterna nilotica	Winter visitor
Caspian Tern	Sterna caspia	Winter visitor
Lesser Crested Tern	Sterna bengalensis	Rare winter visitor
Chinese Crested Tern	Sterna bernsteini	Possibly extinct
Great Crested Tern	Sterna bergii
River Tern	Sterna aurantia	Possibly extinct
Roseate Tern	Sterna dougallii
Black-naped Tern	Sterna sumatrana
Common Tern	Sterna hirundo	Winter visitor
Little Tern	Sterna albifrons
Black-bellied Tern	Sterna acuticauda	Possibly extinct
Bridled Tern	Sterna anaethetus
Sooty Tern	Sterna fuscata
Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias hybridus
White-winged Tern	Chlidonias leucopterus	Winter visitor
Brown Noddy	Anous stolidus	Possibly extinct

Skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes. Family: Rynchopidae

Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. There are three species worldwide of which one has occurred in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Indian Skimmer	Rynchops albicollis	One record

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes. Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide of which 28 occur in Thailand.

Pied Imperial-pigeon
locally common in coastal forest

Common name	Binomial	Status
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Due to hybridisation with feral pigeons, few if any pure-bred birds remain in Thailand
Speckled Wood Pigeon	Columba hodgsonii
Ashy Wood Pigeon	Columba pulchricollis
Pale-capped Pigeon	Columba punicea	Rare, uncertain status
Oriental Turtle Dove	Streptopelia orientalis
Red Collared-dove	Streptopelia tranquebarica
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis
Barred Cuckoo-dove	Macropygia unchall
Little Cuckoo-dove	Macropygia ruficeps
Emerald Dove	Chalcophaps indica
Zebra Dove	Geopelia striata	Native in south, introduced to central Thailand
Nicobar Pigeon	Caloenas nicobarica	Rare and globally endangered
Little Green Pigeon	Treron olax	Rare
Pink-necked Green Pigeon	Treron vernans
Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon	Treron fulvicollis	Possibly extirpated, globally threatened
Orange-breasted Green Pigeon	Treron bicincta
Pompadour Green Pigeon	Treron pompadora
Thick-billed Green Pigeon	Treron curvirostra
Large Green Pigeon	Treron capellei	Rare and globally vulnerable
Yellow-footed Green Pigeon	Treron phoenicoptera
Yellow-vented Green Pigeon	Treron seimundi	Very rare
Pin-tailed Green Pigeon	Treron apicauda
Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon	Treron sphenura
White-bellied Green Pigeon	Treron sieboldii	Very rare
Jambu Fruit Dove	Ptilinopus jambu
Green Imperial Pigeon	Ducula aenea
Mountain Imperial Pigeon	Ducula badia
Pied Imperial Pigeon	Ducula bicolor

Parrots

Order: Psittaciformes. Family: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak shape and a generally erect stance. The upper mandible has slight mobility in the joint with the skull. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two back. There are 335 species worldwide of which seven occur in Thailand.

Red-breasted Parakeet
uncommon resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Blue-rumped Parrot	Psittinus cyanurus	Rare, much reduced
Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula eupatria	Rare, much reduced
Grey-headed Parakeet	Psittacula finschii
Blossom-headed Parakeet	Psittacula roseata
Red-breasted Parakeet	Psittacula alexandri
Vernal Hanging Parrot	Loriculus vernalis
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot	Loriculus galgulus

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes. Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Many Old World cuckoo species are brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide of which 31 occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Pied Cuckoo	Clamator jacobinus	Accidental
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo	Clamator coromandus	Summer visitor and on passage
Large Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus sparverioides
Common Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus varius	One record
Moustached Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus vagans
Malaysian Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus fugax
Hodgson's Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus nisicolor
Northern Hawk-cuckoo	Cuculus hyperythrus
Indian Cuckoo	Cuculus micropterus
Common Cuckoo	Cuculus canorus	Uncertain status
Oriental Cuckoo	Cuculus saturatus	Passage migrant
Sunda Cuckoo	Cuculus lepidus
Lesser Cuckoo	Cuculus poliocephalus	Very rare
Banded Bay Cuckoo	Cacomantis sonneratii
Plaintive Cuckoo	Cacomantis merulinus
Brush Cuckoo	Cacomantis variolosus
Little Bronze-cuckoo	Chrysococcyx minutillus
Asian Emerald Cuckoo	Chrysococcyx maculatus	Resident and winter visitor
Violet Cuckoo	Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus
Asian Drongo-cuckoo	Surniculus lugubris
Asian Koel	Eudynamys scolopacea
Black-bellied Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus diardi
Chestnut-bellied Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus sumatranus
Green-billed Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus tristis
Raffles's Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus chlorophaeus
Red-billed Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus javanicus
Chestnut-breasted Malkoha	Phaenicophaeus curvirostris
Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo	Carpococcyx renauldi
Short-toed Coucal	Centropus rectunguis	Accidental
Greater Coucal	Centropus sinensis
Lesser Coucal	Centropus bengalensis

Barn owls

Order: Strigiformes. Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide of which two occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Barn Owl	Tyto alba
Oriental Bay Owl	Phodilus badius

Typical owls

Order: Strigiformes. Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide of which 18 occur in Thailand.

Collared Scops Owl
(grey morph)
very common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-fronted Scops Owl	Otus sagittatus	Rare and globally vulnerable
Reddish Scops Owl	Otus rufescens	Rare and globally threatened
Mountain Scops Owl	Otus spilocephalus
Collared Scops Owl	Otus lettia
Sunda Scops Owl	Otus lempiji
Oriental Scops Owl	Otus sunia
Spot-bellied Eagle Owl	Bubo nipalensis
Barred Eagle Owl	Bubo sumatranus
Dusky Eagle Owl	Bubo coromandus	Very rare
Brown Fish Owl	Ketupa zeylonensis
Buffy Fish Owl	Ketupa ketupu
Spotted Wood Owl	Strix seloputo
Brown Wood Owl	Strix leptogrammica
Collared Owlet	Glaucidium brodiei
Asian Barred Owlet	Glaucidium cuculoides
Spotted Owlet	Athene brama
Brown Hawk Owl	Ninox scutulata
Short-eared Owl	Asio flammeus	Very rare winter visitor

Frogmouths

Order: Caprimulgiformes. Family: Podargidae

The frogmouths are a group of nocturnal birds related to the nightjars. They are named for their large flattened hooked bills and huge frog-like gape, which they use to take insects. There are 12 species worldwide of which four occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Large Frogmouth	Batrachostomus auritus	Very rare
Gould's Frogmouth	Batrachostomus stellatus	Rare
Hodgson's Frogmouth	Batrachostomus hodgsoni
Javan Frogmouth	Batrachostomus javensis

Nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes. Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized ground-nesting nocturnal birds with long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. There are 86 species worldwide of which six occur in Thailand.

Large-tailed Nightjar
common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Malaysian Nightjar	Eurostopodus temminckii	This and the following species are now often placed in a separate family
Great Eared-nightjar	Eurostopodus macrotis
Grey Nightjar	Caprimulgus indicus	Winter visitor, breeds in mountains
Large-tailed Nightjar	Caprimulgus macrurus
Indian Nightjar	Caprimulgus asiaticus
Savanna Nightjar	Caprimulgus affinis

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes. Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide of which 14 occur in Thailand.

House Swift
common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Glossy Swiftlet	Collocalia esculenta	Rare
Himalayan Swiftlet	Aerodramus brevirostris	Breeds in highlands, winter visitor elsewhere
Indochinese Swiftlet	Aerodramus rogersi
Black-nest Swiftlet	Aerodramus maximus
Edible-nest Swiftlet	Aerodramus fuciphagus
German's Swiftlet	Aerodramus germani
Silver-rumped Needletail	Rhaphidura leucopygialis
White-throated Needletail	Hirundapus caudacutus	Rare migrant
Silver-backed Needletail	Hirundapus cochinchinensis	Uncertain status
Brown-backed Needletail	Hirundapus giganteus
Asian Palm Swift	Cypsiurus balasiensis
Pacific Swift	Apus pacificus	Winter visitor, some breed
Dark-rumped Swift	Apus acuticauda	Very rare winter visitor
House Swift	Apus nipalensis

Treeswifts

Order: Apodiformes. Family: Hemiprocnidae

The treeswifts or crested swifts are aerial near passerine birds, closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the true swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and soft plumage. There are 4 species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Crested Treeswift	Hemiprocne coronata
Grey-rumped Treeswift	Hemiprocne longipennis
Whiskered Treeswift	Hemiprocne comata

Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae

Red-headed Trogon
common resident

The family Trogonidae includes the trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33 species worldwide of which six occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-naped Trogon	Harpactes kasumba	Rare
Diard's Trogon	Harpactes diardii
Cinnamon-rumped Trogon	Harpactes orrhophaeus	Rare
Scarlet-rumped Trogon	Harpactes duvaucelii
Red-headed Trogon	Harpactes erythrocephalus
Orange-breasted Trogon	Harpactes oreskios

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide of which 16 occur in Thailand.

Stork-billed Kingfisher
uncommon resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Blyth's Kingfisher	Alcedo hercules	Very rare winter visitor
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	Very common winter visitor
Blue-eared Kingfisher	Alcedo meninting
Blue-banded Kingfisher	Alcedo euryzona
Black-backed Kingfisher	Ceyx erithacus
Rufous-backed Kingfisher	Ceyx rufidorsa
Banded Kingfisher	Lacedo pulchella
Brown-winged Kingfisher	Pelargopsis amauropterus
Stork-billed Kingfisher	Pelargopsis capensis
Ruddy Kingfisher	Halcyon coromanda
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis
Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata	Winter visitor and passage migrant
Collared Kingfisher	Todirhamphus chloris
Rufous-collared Kingfisher	Actenoides concretus	Rare and reduced
Crested Kingfisher	Megaceryle lugubris
Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis

Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, southern Asia, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long down-turned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 26 species worldwide of which six occur in Thailand.

Red-bearded Bee-eater
fairly common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-bearded Bee-eater	Nyctyornis amictus
Blue-bearded Bee-eater	Nyctyornis athertoni
Green Bee-eater	Merops orientalis
Blue-throated Bee-eater	Merops viridis	Resident, winter visitor and passage migrant
Blue-tailed Bee-eater	Merops philippinus	Resident, winter visitor and passage migrant
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater	Merops leschenaulti

Typical rollers

Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide of which two occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Indian Roller	Coracias benghalensis
Dollarbird	Eurystomus orientalis

Hoopoe

Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and pink plumage and a large erectile crest on the head. There are two species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Hoopoe	Upupa epops

Hornbills

Order: Coraciiformes. Family: Bucerotidae

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. There are 57 species worldwide of which 13 occur in Thailand.

Oriental Pied-hornbill
fairly common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Oriental Pied-hornbill	Anthracoceros albirostris
Black Hornbill	Anthracoceros malayanus	Rare
Rhinoceros Hornbill	Buceros rhinoceros	Rare, far south
Great Hornbill	Buceros bicornis
Helmeted Hornbill	Buceros vigil
Brown Hornbill	Anorrhinus austeni
Rusty-cheeked Hornbill	Anorrhinus tickelli
Bushy-crested Hornbill	Anorrhinus galeritus
White-crowned Hornbill	Aceros comatus
Rufous-necked Hornbill	Aceros nipalensis	Rare
Wrinkled Hornbill	Aceros corrugatus	Near extinct
Wreathed Hornbill	Aceros undulatus
Plain-pouched Hornbill	Aceros subruficollis	Rare

Barbets

Order: Piciformes. Family: Megalaimidae

The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured. There are 84 species worldwide of which 15 occur in Thailand.

Lineated Barbet
common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Fire-tufted Barbet	Psilopogon pyrolophus	Accidental
Great Barbet	Megalaima virens
Lineated Barbet	Megalaima lineata
Green-eared Barbet	Megalaima faiostricta
Golden-whiskered Barbet	Megalaima chrysopogon
Red-crowned Barbet	Megalaima rafflesii	Rare and globally threatened
Red-throated Barbet	Megalaima mystacophanos
Golden-throated Barbet	Megalaima franklinii
Black-browed Barbet	Megalaima oorti	Accidental
Blue-throated Barbet	Megalaima asiatica
Moustached Barbet	Megalaima incognita
Yellow-crowned Barbet	Megalaima henricii
Blue-eared Barbet	Megalaima australis
Coppersmith Barbet	Megalaima haemacephala
Brown Barbet	Caloramphus fuliginosus

Honeyguides

Order: Piciformes. Family: Indicatoridae

Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the behaviour of the Greater Honeyguide which leads large animals to bees' nests and then feeds on the wax once the animal has broken the nest open to get at the honey. There are 17 species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Malaysian Honeyguide	Indicator archipelagicus	Rare

Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes. Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward, and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species worldwide of which 36 occur in Thailand.

Male Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker
uncommon resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eurasian Wryneck	Jynx torquilla	Winter visitor
Speckled Piculet	Picumnus innominatus
Rufous Piculet	Sasia abnormis
White-browed Piculet	Sasia ochracea
Grey-capped Woodpecker	Dendrocopos canicapillus
Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos macei
Stripe-breasted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos atratus
Yellow-crowned Woodpecker	Dendrocopos mahrattensis	Rare
Rufous-bellied Woodpecker	Dendrocopos hyperythrus
Crimson-breasted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos cathpharius
Rufous Woodpecker	Celeus brachyurus
White-bellied Woodpecker	Dryocopus javensis
Banded Woodpecker	Picus mineaceus
Lesser Yellownape	Picus chlorolophus
Crimson-winged Woodpecker	Picus puniceus
Greater Yellownape	Picus flavinucha
Checker-throated Woodpecker	Picus mentalis
Streak-breasted Woodpecker	Picus viridanus
Laced Woodpecker	Picus vittatus
Streak-throated Woodpecker	Picus xanthopygaeus
Black-headed Woodpecker	Picus erythropygius
Grey-faced Woodpecker	Picus canus
Olive-backed Woodpecker	Dinopium rafflesii	Rare
Common Flameback	Dinopium javanense
Greater Flameback	Chrysocolaptes lucidus
Pale-headed Woodpecker	Gecinulus grantia
Bamboo Woodpecker	Gecinulus viridis
Maroon Woodpecker	Blythipicus rubiginosus
Bay Woodpecker	Blythipicus pyrrhotis
Orange-backed Woodpecker	Reinwardtipicus validus
Buff-rumped Woodpecker	Meiglyptes tristis
Black-and-buff Woodpecker	Meiglyptes jugularis
Buff-necked Woodpecker	Meiglyptes tukki
Grey-and-buff Woodpecker	Hemicircus concretus
Heart-spotted Woodpecker	Hemicircus canente
Great Slaty Woodpecker	Mulleripicus pulverulentus

Broadbills

Long-tailed Broadbill
fairly common resident

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Eurylaimidae

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds that feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. There are 15 species worldwide of which seven occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Dusky Broadbill	Corydon sumatranus
Black-and-red Broadbill	Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos
Banded Broadbill	Eurylaimus javanicus
Black-and-yellow Broadbill	Eurylaimus ochromalus
Long-tailed Broadbill	Psarisomus dalhousiae
Silver-breasted Broadbill	Serilophus lunatus
Green Broadbill	Calyptomena viridis

Pittas

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized stocky passerines with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many, but not all, are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrate prey. There are 32 species worldwide of which 13 occur in Thailand.

Hooded Pitta
uncommon wet season migrant visitor, some winter in the Peninsular

Common name	Binomial	Status
Eared Pitta	Pitta phayrei
Blue-naped Pitta	Pitta nipalensis
Blue-rumped Pitta	Pitta soror
Rusty-naped Pitta	Pitta oatesi
Giant Pitta	Pitta caerulea	Rare and globally threatened
Blue Pitta	Pitta cyanea
Banded Pitta	Pitta guajana
Bar-bellied Pitta	Pitta elliotii	Rare and globally threatened
Gurney's Pitta	Pitta gurneyi	Rediscovered 1986, rare and endangered near endemic
Hooded Pitta	Pitta sordida
Garnet Pitta	Pitta granatina	Rare and globally threatened
Blue-winged Pitta	Pitta moluccensis	Summer visitor, passage migrant
Mangrove Pitta	Pitta megarhyncha

Larks

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Australasian Bushlark	Mirafra javanica
Indochinese Bushlark	Mirafra erythrocephala
Oriental Skylark	Alauda gulgula

Swallows and martins

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide of which 13 occur in Thailand.

Pacific Swallow
common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-eyed River Martin	Pseudochelidon sirintarae	Endemic, probably globally extinct
Sand Martin	Riparia riparia	Winter visitor
Plain Martin	Riparia paludicola
Dusky Crag Martin	Ptyonoprogne concolor
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	Winter visitor
Pacific Swallow	Hirundo tahitica
Wire-tailed Swallow	Hirundo smithii
Red-rumped Swallow	Cecropis daurica	Winter visitor, local breeder
Striated Swallow	Cecropis striolata
Rufous-bellied Swallow	Cecropis badia
House Martin	Delichon urbica	Rare winter visitor
Asian House Martin	Delichon dasypus	Winter visitor
Nepal House Martin	Delichon nipalensis	One record

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails and comprises the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. These are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide of which 13 occur in Thailand.

White Wagtail of subspecies M. a. leucopsis,
commonest of three wintering subspecies

Common name	Binomial	Status
Forest Wagtail	Dendronanthus indicus	Winter visitor
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	Winter visitor
Citrine Wagtail	Motacilla citreola	Winter visitor
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	Winter visitor
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	Winter visitor
Paddyfield Pipit	Anthus rufulus
Blyth's Pipit	Anthus godlewskii	Accidental
Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	Winter visitor
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	Winter visitor
Rosy Pipit	Anthus roseatus	Localised winter visitor
Japanese Pipit	Anthus rubescens	Accidental

Cuckoo-shrikes and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Campephagidae

The cuckoo-shrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some minivet species are brightly coloured. There are 82 species worldwide of which 18 occur in Thailand.

Small Minivet (male)
common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Large Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina macei
Javan Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina javensis	Accidental
Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina striata	Rare, much reduced
Indochinese Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina polioptera
Black-winged Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina melaschistos	Resident and winter visitor
Lesser Cuckoo-shrike	Coracina fimbriata
Pied Triller	Lalage nigra
Rosy Minivet	Pericrocotus roseus	Winter visitor
Brown-rumped Minivet	Pericrocotus cantonensis
Ashy Minivet	Pericrocotus divaricatus	Winter visitor
Small Minivet	Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Fiery Minivet	Pericrocotus igneus
Long-tailed Minivet	Pericrocotus ethologus
Short-billed Minivet	Pericrocotus brevirostris
Scarlet Minivet	Pericrocotus flammeus
Grey-chinned Minivet	Pericrocotus solaris
Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike	Hemipus picatus
Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike	Hemipus hirundinaceus

Rail-babbler

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Eupetidae

The Malaysian Rail-babbler is a rail-like passerine bird which inhabits the floor of primary forest in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It is the only member of its family. The nominate subspecies E. m. macrocerus is found in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Malaysian Rail-babbler	Eupetes macrocerus

Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throat or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.There are 130 species worldwide of which 36 occur in Thailand.

Mountain Bulbul
common resident in highlands

Common name	Binomial	Status
Crested Finchbill	Spizixos canifrons
Straw-headed Bulbul	Pycnonotus zeylanicus	Rare and globally vulnerable
Striated Bulbul	Pycnonotus striatus
Black-and-white Bulbul	Pycnonotus melanoleucus	Rare
Black-headed Bulbul	Pycnonotus atriceps
Black-crested Bulbul	Pycnonotus melanicterus
Scaly-breasted Bulbul	Pycnonotus squamatus
Grey-bellied Bulbul	Pycnonotus cyaniventris
Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus
Brown-breasted Bulbul	Pycnonotus xanthorrhous
Light-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis
Sooty-headed Bulbul	Pycnonotus aurigaster
Puff-backed Bulbul	Pycnonotus eutilotus
Stripe-throated Bulbul	Pycnonotus finlaysoni
Flavescent Bulbul	Pycnonotus flavescens
Yellow-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus goiavier
Olive-winged Bulbul	Pycnonotus plumosus
Streak-eared Bulbul	Pycnonotus blanfordi
Cream-vented Bulbul	Pycnonotus simplex
Red-eyed Bulbul	Pycnonotus brunneus
Spectacled Bulbul	Pycnonotus erythropthalmos
Finsch's Bulbul	Alophoixus finschii
White-throated Bulbul	Alophoixus flaveolus
Puff-throated Bulbul	Alophoixus pallidus
Ochraceous Bulbul	Alophoixus ochraceus
Grey-cheeked Bulbul	Alophoixus bres
Yellow-bellied Bulbul	Alophoixus phaeocephalus
Hairy-backed Bulbul	Tricholestes criniger
Olive Bulbul	Iole virescens
Grey-eyed Bulbul	Iole propinqua
Buff-vented Bulbul	Iole olivacea
Streaked Bulbul	Ixos malaccensis
Ashy Bulbul	Hemixos flavala
Mountain Bulbul	Ixos mcclellandii
Black Bulbul	Hypsipetes leucocephalus	Resident and winter visitor
White-headed Bulbul	Hypsipetes thompsoni

Leafbirds

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Chloropseidae

The Leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows. There are eight species worldwide of which five occur in Thailand.

Orange-bellied Leafbird
fairly common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Greater Green Leafbird	Chloropsis sonnerati
Lesser Green Leafbird	Chloropsis cyanopogon
Blue-winged Leafbird	Chloropsis cochinchinensis
Golden-fronted Leafbird	Chloropsis aurifrons
Orange-bellied Leafbird	Chloropsis hardwickii

Ioras

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Aegithinidae

The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in coloration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. There are four species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Common Iora	Aegithina tiphia
Green Iora	Aegithina viridissima
Great Iora	Aegithina lafresnayei

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. There are five species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Brown Dipper	Cinclus pallasii	Rare non-breeding visitor

Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide of which 21 occur in Thailand.

Blue Whistling Thrush
common resident and winter visitor, Thailand breeding subspecies shown

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-throated Rock Thrush	Monticola gularis	Winter visitor
Chestnut-bellied Rock Thrush	Monticola rufiventris	Winter visitor, resident on highest peaks
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	Resident (ssp madoci) in far south and winter visitor
Blue Whistling Thrush	Myophonus caeruleus	Resident and winter visitor
Chestnut-capped Thrush	Zoothera interpres	Rare
Orange-headed Thrush	Zoothera citrina	Winter visitor
Siberian Thrush	Zoothera sibirica	Winter visitor
Long-tailed Thrush	Zoothera dixoni	Winter visitor
Scaly Thrush	Zoothera dauma	Winter visitor, resident in mountains
Dark-sided Thrush	Zoothera marginata
Black-breasted Thrush	Turdus dissimilis	Rare winter visitor
Japanese Thrush	Turdus cardis	Accidental
Grey-winged Blackbird	Turdus boulboul	Rare winter visitor
Eurasian Blackbird	Turdus merula	One record
Chestnut Thrush	Turdus rubrocanus	Rare winter visitor
Grey-sided Thrush	Turdus feae	Rare winter visitor
Eyebrowed Thrush	Turdus obscurus	Winter visitor
Dark-throated Thrush	Turdus ruficollis	T. r. ruficlllis and T. r. atrogularis are both very rare winter visitors.
Dusky Thrush	Turdus naumanni	Irruptive in winter
Lesser Shortwing	Brachypteryx leucophrys
White-browed Shortwing	Brachypteryx montana

Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. There are 111 species worldwide of which eight occur in Thailand.

Golden-headed Cisticola
Common grassland resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis
Golden-headed Cisticola	Cisticola exilis
Brown Prinia	Prinia polychroa
Hill Prinia	Prinia atrogularis
Rufescent Prinia	Prinia rufescens
Grey-breasted Prinia	Prinia hodgsonii
Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris
Plain Prinia	Prinia inornata

Old World warblers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. The Sylviidae mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. There are 291 species worldwide of which 58 occur in Thailand.

Greenish Warbler
fairly common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chestnut-headed Tesia	Tesia castaneocoronata
Slaty-bellied Tesia	Tesia olivea
Grey-bellied Tesia	Tesia cyaniventer	Very rare
Asian Stubtail	Urosphena squameiceps	Winter visitor
Manchurian Bush Warbler	Cettia canturians	Rare winter visitor
Pale-footed Bush Warbler	Cettia pallidipes
Chestnut-crowned Bush Warbler	Cettia major	Very rare winter visitor
Aberrant Bush Warbler	Cettia flavolivacea	Winter visitor
Spotted Bush Warbler	Bradypterus thoracicus	Winter visitor
Chinese Bush Warbler	Bradypterus tacsanowskius	Very rare winter visitor
Russet Bush Warbler	Bradypterus seebohmi
Brown Bush Warbler	Bradypterus luteoventris	Rare winter visitor
Lanceolated Warbler	Locustella lanceolata	Winter visitor
Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler	Locustella certhiola	Winter visitor
Black-browed Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus bistrigiceps	Winter visitor
Paddyfield Warbler	Acrocephalus agricola	Rare winter visitor
Blunt-winged Warbler	Acrocephalus concinens	Winter visitor
Oriental Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus orientalis	Winter visitor
Large-billed Reed-warbler	Acrocephalus orinus	Rediscovered 2006
Clamorous Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus stentoreus	Very rare winter visitor
Thick-billed Warbler	Acrocephalus aedon	Winter visitor
Mountain Tailorbird	Orthotomus cuculatus
Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius
Dark-necked Tailorbird	Orthotomus atrogularis
Rufous-tailed Tailorbird	Orthotomus sericeus
Ashy Tailorbird	Orthotomus ruficeps
Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	Winter visitor
Buff-throated Warbler	Phylloscopus subaffinis	Winter visitor
Yellow-streaked Warbler	Phylloscopus armandii	Winter visitor
Radde's Warbler	Phylloscopus schwarzi	Winter visitor
Buff-barred Warbler	Phylloscopus pulcher	Winter visitor
Ashy-throated Warbler	Phylloscopus maculipennis	Winter visitor
Lemon-rumped Warbler	Phylloscopus proregulus	Winter visitor
Pale-rumped Warbler	Phylloscopus chloronotus	Accidental
Chinese Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus yunnanensis	Winter visitor
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	Winter visitor
Hume's Warbler	Phylloscopus humei	Winter visitor
Arctic Warbler	Phylloscopus borealis	Winter and passage visitor
Greenish Warbler	Phylloscopus trochiloides	Winter visitor
Pale-legged Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus tenellipes	Winter visitor
Sakhalin Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus borealoides
Eastern Crowned Warbler	Phylloscopus coronatus	Winter and passage visitor
Blyth's Leaf-warbler	Phylloscopus reguloides	Winter visitor
White-tailed Leaf Warbler	Phylloscopus davisoni
Yellow-vented Warbler	Phylloscopus cantator	Rare winter visitor
Sulphur-breasted Warbler	Phylloscopus ricketti	Winter visitor
Grey-cheeked Warbler	Seicercus poliogenys
Chestnut-crowned Warbler	Seicercus castaniceps
Rufous-faced Warbler	Abroscopus albogularis	Rare
Yellow-bellied Warbler	Abroscopus superciliaris
Striated Grassbird	Megalurus palustris
Rufous-rumped Grassbird	Graminicola bengalensis	Probably extinct
Lesser Whitethroat	Sylvia curruca	Rare winter visitor
Grey-crowned Warbler	Seicercus tephrocephalus	Rare winter visitor
Bianchi's Warbler	Seicercus valentini	Winter visitor
Plain-tailed Warbler	Seicercus soror	Winter visitor

Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is very varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There 274 species worldwide of which 69 occur in Thailand.

White-capped Water-redstart
resident in northern mountains

Common name	Binomial	Status
Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher	Rhinomyias brunneata	Rare on passage
Grey-chested Jungle-flycatcher	Rhinomyias umbratilis	Rare in far south
Fulvous-chested Jungle-flycatcher	Rhinomyias olivacea
Siberian Flycatcher	Muscicapa sibirica	Winter visitor
Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica	Resident and winter visitor
Brown-streaked Flycatcher	Muscicapa williamsoni	Resident and passage visitor
Brown-breasted Flycatcher	Muscicapa muttui	Very rare
Ferruginous Flycatcher	Muscicapa ferruginea	Winter visitor and passage migrant
Korean Flycatcher	Ficedula zanthopygia	Passage migrant
Narcissus Flycatcher	Ficedula narcissina	Rare winter visitor
Mugimaki Flycatcher	Ficedula mugimaki	Winter visitor
Slaty-backed Flycatcher	Ficedula hodgsonii	Winter visitor
Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher	Ficedula strophiata	Winter visitor
Red-throated Flycatcher	Ficedula albicilla	Winter visitor
Snowy-browed Flycatcher	Ficedula hyperythra
White-gorgeted Flycatcher	Ficedula monileger
Rufous-browed Flycatcher	Ficedula solitaris
Rufous-chested Flycatcher	Ficedula dumetoria
Little Pied Flycatcher	Ficedula westermanni
Ultramarine Flycatcher	Ficedula superciliaris	Winter visitor
Slaty-blue Flycatcher	Ficedula tricolor	Winter visitor
Sapphire Flycatcher	Ficedula sapphira	Winter visitor
Blue-and-white Flycatcher	Cyanoptila cyanomelana	Passage migrant
Verditer Flycatcher	Eumyias thalassina	Resident and winter visitor
Large Niltava	Niltava grandis
Small Niltava	Niltava macgrigoriae
Fujian Niltava	Niltava davidi	Rare winter visitor
Rufous-bellied Niltava	Niltava sundara	Winter visitor
Vivid Niltava	Niltava vivida	Winter visitor
White-tailed Flycatcher	Cyornis concretus	Rare
Hainan Blue Flycatcher	Cyornis hainanus
Pale Blue Flycatcher	Cyornis unicolor
Blue-throated Flycatcher	Cyornis rubeculoides	Resident and winter visitor
Hill Blue Flycatcher	Cyornis banyumas
Malaysian Blue Flycatcher	Cyornis turcosus
Tickell's Blue Flycatcher	Cyornis tickelliae
Mangrove Blue Flycatcher	Cyornis rufigastra
Pygmy Blue Flycatcher	Muscicapella hodgsoni	Rare winter visitor
Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher	Culicicapa ceylonensis
Japanese Robin	Erithacus akahige	One record
Rufous-tailed Robin	Luscinia sibilans	Rare winter visitor
Siberian Rubythroat	Luscinia calliope	Winter visitor
White-tailed Rubythroat	Luscinia pectoralis	One record
Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica	Winter visitor
Black-throated Blue Robin	Luscinia obscura	Very rare winter visitor
Siberian Blue Robin	Luscinia cyane	Winter visitor
Red-flanked Bluetail	Tarsiger cyanurus	Winter visitor
Golden Bush Robin	Tarsiger chrysaeus	Rare winter visitor
Oriental Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis
White-rumped Shama	Copsychus malabaricus
Rufous-tailed Shama	Trichixos pyrropyga	Rare
Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus	Winter visitor
Blue-fronted Redstart	Phoenicurus frontalis	Rare winter visitor
White-capped Water-redstart	Chaimarrornis leucocephalus	Mainly winter visitor
Plumbeous Redstart	Rhyacornis fuliginosus	Resident and winter visitor
White-bellied Redstart	Hodgsonius phaenicuroides	Resident and winter visitor
Siberian Stonechat	Saxicola maura	Resident and winter visitor
White-tailed Robin	Cinclidium leucurum
Blue-fronted Robin	Cinclidium frontale	Status uncertain, one record
Chestnut-naped Forktail	Enicurus ruficapillus
Black-backed Forktail	Enicurus immaculatus
Slaty-backed Forktail	Enicurus schistaceus
White-crowned Forktail	Enicurus leschenaulti
Purple Cochoa	Cochoa purpurea	Rare
Green Cochoa	Cochoa viridis
Pied Bushchat	Saxicola caprata
Jerdon's Bushchat	Saxicola jerdoni	Rare
Grey Bushchat	Saxicola ferrea	Resident and winter visitor

Fantails

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds with longish, frequently fanned, tails. There are 44 species worldwide of which five occur in Thailand.

Pied Fantail, a very common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Yellow-bellied Fantail	Rhipidura hypoxantha
White-throated Fantail	Rhipidura albicollis
White-browed Fantail	Rhipidura aureola
Pied Fantail	Rhipidura javanica
Spotted Fantail	Rhipidura perlata	Rare

Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, which hunt by gleaning, hovering, or flycatching. There are about 99 species worldwide and three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-naped Monarch	Hypothymis azurea
Japanese Paradise-flycatcher	Terpsiphone atrocaudata	Rare winter visitor, passage migrant
Asian Paradise-Flycatcher	Terpsiphone paradisi	Resident and winter visitor

Whistlers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Pachycephalidae

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrike-thrushes, shrike-tits, pitohuis and Crested Bellbird. There are 57 species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Mangrove Whistler	Pachycephala grisola

Babblers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Timaliidae

The babblers or timaliids are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. There are 270 species worldwide of which 76 occur in Thailand.

Yellow-eyed Babbler
very common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-crested Laughingthrush	Garrulax leucolophus
Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush	Garrulax monileger
Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush	Garrulax pectoralis
Black Laughingthrush	Garrulax lugubris	Rare in far south
White-necked Laughingthrush	Garrulax strepitans
Black-throated Laughingthrush	Garrulax chinensis
Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush	Garrulax mitratus	Rare in far south
Spot-breasted Laughingthrush	Garrulax merulinus	Very rare
White-browed Laughingthrush	Garrulax sannio
Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush	Garrulax erythrocephalus
Red-tailed Laughingthrush	Garrulax milnei	Rare
Red-faced Liocichla	Liocichla phoenicea
White-chested Babbler	Trichastoma rostratum
Ferruginous Babbler	Trichastoma bicolor
Abbott's Babbler	Malacocincla abbotti
Horsfield's Babbler	Malacocincla sepiarium
Short-tailed Babbler	Malacocincla malaccensis
Buff-breasted Babbler	Pellorneum tickelli
Spot-throated Babbler	Pellorneum albiventre
Puff-throated Babbler	Pellorneum ruficeps
Black-capped Babbler	Pellorneum capistratum
Moustached Babbler	Malacopteron magnirostre
Sooty-capped Babbler	Malacopteron affine	Rare and globally threatened
Scaly-crowned Babbler	Malacopteron cinereum
Rufous-crowned Babbler	Malacopteron magnum
Large Scimitar-babbler	Pomatorhinus hypoleucos
Rusty-cheeked Scimitar-babbler	Pomatorhinus erythrogenys
White-browed Scimitar-babbler	Pomatorhinus schisticeps
Red-billed Scimitar-babbler	Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps
Coral-billed Scimitar-babbler	Pomatorhinus ferruginosus	Rare
Striped Wren-babbler	Kenopia striata	Rare and globally threatened
Large Wren-babbler	Napothera macrodactyla
Limestone Wren-babbler	Napothera crispifrons
Streaked Wren-babbler	Napothera brevicaudata
Eyebrowed Wren-babbler	Napothera epilepidota
Pygmy Wren-babbler	Pnoepyga pusilla
Deignan's Babbler	Stachyris rodolphei	Endemic if accepted as a species
Buff-chested Babbler	Stachyris ambigua
Rufous-fronted Babbler	Stachyris rufifrons
Golden Babbler	Stachyris chrysaea
Grey-throated Babbler	Stachyris nigriceps
Grey-headed Babbler	Stachyris poliocephala
Spot-necked Babbler	Stachyris striolata
White-necked Babbler	Stachyris leucotis	Rare
Black-throated Babbler	Stachyris nigricollis
Chestnut-rumped Babbler	Stachyris maculata
Chestnut-winged Babbler	Stachyris erythroptera
Striped Tit-babbler	Macronous gularis
Fluffy-backed Tit-babbler	Macronous ptilosus	Rare, much reduced
Chestnut-capped Babbler	Timalia pileata
Yellow-eyed Babbler	Chrysomma sinense
Silver-eared Mesia	Leiothrix argentauris
Cutia	Cutia nipalensis	Rare
White-browed Shrike-babbler	Pteruthius flaviscapis
Black-eared Shrike-babbler	Pteruthius melanotis
Chestnut-fronted Shrike-babbler	Pteruthius aenobarbus
White-hooded Babbler	Gampsorhynchus rufulus
Spectacled Barwing	Actinodura ramsayi
Blue-winged Minla	Minla cyanouroptera
Chestnut-tailed Minla	Minla strigula
Rufous-winged Fulvetta	Alcippe castaneceps
Rufous-throated Fulvetta	Alcippe rufogularis	Rare
Brown Fulvetta	Alcippe brunneicauda
Brown-cheeked Fulvetta	Alcippe poioicephala
Grey-cheeked Fulvetta	Alcippe morrisonia
Mountain Fulvetta	Alcippe peracensis
Rufous-backed Sibia	Heterophasia annectens
Black-backed Sibia	Heterophasia melanoleuca
Long-tailed Sibia	Heterophasia picaoides
Striated Yuhina	Yuhina castaniceps
Whiskered Yuhina	Yuhina flavicollis
Burmese Yuhina	Yuhina humilis
White-bellied Yuhina	Yuhina zantholeuca

Parrotbills

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Paradoxornithidae

The parrotbills are a group of birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though feral populations are known from elsewhere. They are generally small, long-tailed birds which inhabit reedbeds and similar habitats. There are 20 species worldwide of which five occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Grey-headed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis gularis
Spot-breasted Parrotbill	Paradoxornis guttaticollis
Black-throated Parrotbill	Paradoxornis nipalensis
Short-tailed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis davidianus	Rare
Black-browed Parrotbill	Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris	Rare

Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Aegithalidae

Black-throated Tit, locally common in northern mountains

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet that includes insects. There are nine species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-throated Tit	Aegithalos concinnus

Thornbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Pardalotidae

Thornbills and their relatives are highly varied small to medium-sized passerine birds that build covered nests entered from the side. There are about 65 species worldwide and one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Golden-bellied Gerygone	Gerygone sulphurea

Tits

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. There are species 59 worldwide of which four occur in Thailand.

Asian Great Tits have grey underparts

Common name	Binomial	Status
Great Tit	Parus major
Yellow-cheeked Tit	Parus spilonotus
Yellow-browed Tit	Sylviparus modestus
Sultan Tit	Melanochlora sultanea

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. There are 24 species worldwide of which six occur in Thailand.

Velvet-fronted Nuthatch

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch	Sitta castanea
Chestnut-vented Nuthatch	Sitta nagaensis
Velvet-fronted Nuthatch	Sitta frontalis
Blue Nuthatch	Sitta azurea	Accidental
Giant Nuthatch	Sitta magna
Beautiful Nuthatch	Sitta formosa

Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. There are six species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Brown-throated Treecreeper	Certhia discolor

Penduline tits

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Remizidae

The penduline tits are a group of small insectivorous passerine birds, related to the true tits. They are named from the hanging basket nests they construct. There are 13 species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Fire-capped Tit	Cephalopyrus flammiceps	Rare winter visitor

Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Their flight is fast and direct on short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. There are 131 species worldwide of which 22 occur in Thailand.

Plain-throated Sunbird
fairly common in Peninsular

Common name	Binomial	Status
Ruby-cheeked Sunbird	Chalcoparia singalensis
Plain Sunbird	Anthreptes simplex
Plain-throated Sunbird	Anthreptes malacensis
Red-throated Sunbird	Anthreptes rhodolaema	Rare
Purple-naped Sunbird	Hypogramma hypogrammicum
Copper-throated Sunbird	Leptocoma calcostetha
Purple-throated Sunbird	Leptocoma sperata
Purple Sunbird	Cinnyris asiaticus
Olive-backed Sunbird	Cinnyris jugularis
Gould's Sunbird	Aethopyga gouldiae	Winter visitor
Green-tailed Sunbird	Aethopyga nipalensis	Resident in mountains
Black-throated Sunbird	Aethopyga saturata
Crimson Sunbird	Aethopyga siparaja
Temminck's Sunbird	Aethopyga temminckii	Rare
Fire-tailed Sunbird	Aethopyga ignicauda	Accidental
Thick-billed Spiderhunter	Arachnothera crassirostris
Spectacled Spiderhunter	Arachnothera flavigaster
Long-billed Spiderhunter	Arachnothera robusta	Rare
Little Spiderhunter	Arachnothera longirostra
Yellow-eared Spiderhunter	Arachnothera chrysogenys
Grey-breasted Spiderhunter	Arachnothera modesta
Streaked Spiderhunter	Arachnothera magna

Flowerpeckers

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Dicaeidae

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. There are 44 species worldwide of which ten occur in Thailand.

Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker (male)
rare resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker	Prionochilus maculatus
Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker	Prionochilus percussus
Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker	Prionochilus thoracicus
Thick-billed Flowerpecker	Dicaeum agile
Yellow-vented Flowerpecker	Dicaeum chrysorrheum
Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker	Dicaeum melanoxanthum	Uncommon, may breed
Orange-bellied Flowerpecker	Dicaeum trigonostigma
Plain Flowerpecker	Dicaeum concolor
Fire-breasted Flowerpecker	Dicaeum ignipectus
Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker	Dicaeum cruentatum	Rare resident in far south

White-eyes

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eyes. There are 96 species worldwide of which four occur in Thailand.

Japanese White-eye, a common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chestnut-flanked White-eye	Zosterops erythropleurus	Winter visitor
Oriental White-eye	Zosterops palpebrosus
Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus	Winter visitor
Everett's White-eye	Zosterops everetti

Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Oriolidae

The Old World Orioles are colourful passerine birds, not closely related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide of which six occur in Thailand.

Black-naped Oriole
common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Dark-throated Oriole	Oriolus xanthonotus
Black-naped Oriole	Oriolus chinensis	Winter visitor
Slender-billed Oriole	Oriolus tenuirostris	Winter visitor
Black-hooded Oriole	Oriolus xanthornus
Maroon Oriole	Oriolus traillii
Silver Oriole	Oriolus mellianus	Rare winter visitor

Fairy-bluebirds

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Irenidae

The Fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. There are two species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Asian Fairy Bluebird	Irena puella

Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for the habit of some species of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide of which five occur in Thailand.

Tiger Shrike
Passage migrant

Common name	Binomial	Status
Tiger Shrike	Lanius tigrinus	Fairly common passage migrant
Brown Shrike	Lanius cristatus	Winter visitor
Burmese Shrike	Lanius collurioides	Winter visitor
Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach	Passage migrant
Grey-backed Shrike	Lanius tephronotus	Winter visitor

Helmetshrikes

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Prionopidae

The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name. There are 12 species worldwide of which four occur in Thailand.

Large Woodshrike, resident breeder

Common name	Binomial	Status
Large Woodshrike	Tephrodornis gularis
Common Woodshrike	Tephrodornis pondicerianus
Rufous-winged Philentoma	Philentoma pyrhopterum
Maroon-breasted Philentoma	Philentoma velatum

Drongos

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright whilst perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are 24 species worldwide of which seven occur in Thailand.

Bronzed Drongo
common resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black Drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus	Resident and winter visitor
Ashy Drongo	Dicrurus leucophaeus	Resident and winter visitor
Crow-billed Drongo	Dicrurus annectans	Winter visitor and passage migrant
Bronzed Drongo	Dicrurus aeneus
Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus remifer
Hair-crested Drongo	Dicrurus hottentottus	Resident and winter visitor
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus paradiseus

Woodswallows

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings. There are 11 species worldwide of which one occurs in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Ashy Woodswallow	Artamus fuscus

Crows and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Corvidae

The Corvidae family includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size for the bird order Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of learning behaviour. There are 120 species worldwide of which 13 occur in Thailand.

Crested Jay
uncommon resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Crested Jay	Platylophus galericulatus
Black Magpie	Platysmurus leucopterus
Eurasian Jay	Garrulus glandarius
Blue Magpie	Urocissa erythrorhyncha
Green Magpie	Cissa chinensis
Yellow-breasted Magpie	Cissa hypoleuca
Rufous Treepie	Dendrocitta vagabunda
Grey Treepie	Dendrocitta formosae
Racket-tailed Treepie	Crypsirina temia
Ratchet-tailed Treepie	Temnurus temnurus	Accidental
Eurasian Magpie	Pica pica	Accidental
House Crow	Corvus splendens	Possibly extinct
Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchos

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There are 125 species worldwide of which 19 occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Asian Glossy Starling	Aplonis panayensis
Spot-winged Starling	Saroglossa spiloptera	Rare winter visitor
Golden-crested Myna	Ampeliceps coronatus
Common Hill Myna	Gracula religiosa
White-vented Myna	Acridotheres grandis
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus
Jungle Myna	Acridotheres fuscus
Common Myna	Acridotheres tristis	Range expansion through introductions
Vinous-breasted Starling	Acridotheres burmannicus
Black-collared Starling	Gracupica nigricollis
Asian Pied Starling	Gracupica contra
Daurian Starling	Sturnia sturnina	Resident and passage visitor
Chestnut-cheeked Starling	Sturnia philippensis	Accidental
White-shouldered Starling	Sturnia sinensis	Winter visitor
Chestnut-tailed Starling	Sturnia malabarica	Resident and winter visitor
Brahminy Starling	Temenuchus pagodarum	Accidental
Rosy Starling	Pastor roseus	Very rare winter visitor
White-cheeked Starling	Sturnus cineraceus	Accidental
European Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	Rare winter visitor

Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. There are 116 species worldwide of which three occur in Thailand.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Streaked Weaver	Ploceus manyar
Baya Weaver	Ploceus philippinus
Asian Golden Weaver	Ploceus hypoxanthus

Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colours and pattern. There are 141 species worldwide of which eight occur in Thailand.

Male Red Munia
uncommon resident

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red Munia	Amandava amandava
Pin-tailed Parrotfinch	Erythrura prasina
White-rumped Munia	Lonchura striata
Nutmeg Mannikin	Lonchura punctulata
White-bellied Munia	Lonchura leucogastra
Chestnut Munia	Lonchura atricapilla
White-headed Munia	Lonchura maja
Java Sparrow	Padda oryzivora	Common introduced species

Buntings

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with a distinctively shaped bill. In the Old World, most species are named as "buntings". Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are 275 species worldwide, of which eight occur in Thailand.

Little Bunting,
common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Crested Bunting	Melophus lathami	Winter visitor
Tristram's Bunting	Emberiza tristrami	Accidental
Chestnut-eared Bunting	Emberiza fucata	Winter visitor
Little Bunting	Emberiza pusilla	Winter visitor
Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola	Winter visitor
Chestnut Bunting	Emberiza rutila	Winter visitor
Black-headed Bunting	Emberiza melanocephala	Accidental
Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	Rare winter visitor

Finches

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Fringillidae

Finches are small to moderately large seed-eating passerine birds with a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and nine primary flight feathers. Finches have a bouncing flight, alternating bouts of flapping with gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide, of which ten occur in Thailand.

Common Rosefinch (female)
common winter visitor

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs	Accidental
Brambling	Fringilla montifringilla	Accidental
Dark-breasted Rosefinch	Carpodacus nipalensis	Winter visitor
Common Rosefinch	Carpodacus erythrinus	Winter visitor
Pink-rumped Rosefinch	Carpodacus eos	Accidental
Black-headed Greenfinch	Carduelis ambigua	Rare winter visitor
Yellow-billed Grosbeak	Eophona migratoria	Accidental
Collared Grosbeak	Mycerobas affinis	Accidental
Spot-winged Grosbeak	Mycerobas melanozanthos
Scarlet Finch	Haematospiza sipahi

Sparrows

Order: Passeriformes. Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds, typically small, plump, brown or grey with short tails and short powerful beaks. They are seed-eaters, but also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide of which four occur in Thailand.

Male Cinnamon Sparrow, rare in winter

Common name	Binomial	Status
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Recent colonist
Cinnamon Sparrow	Passer rutilans	Rare winter visitor
Plain-backed Sparrow	Passer flaveolus
Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus

See also

• List of birds
• Lists of birds by region

External links

• Thumbnail Pictures for Identification of Thai Birds
• Birdwatching in Thailand
• Waders of Thailand (photos)
• Herbert G Deignan 1963 Checklist of the birds of Thailand. US National Museum bulletin 226