File:Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward 1958.jpg

原始文件 (1,356 × 1,600像素,文件大小:343 KB,MIME类型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
English: Publicity portrait of the movie The Long, Hot Summer, depicting Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward
日期
来源 http://rolexblog.blogspot.de/2002_07_01_archive.html
作者 20th Century Fox
授权
(二次使用本文件)
  • The photo has no copyright markings on it.
  • It was created for publicity purposes-distribution to the media. The image was meant to bring attention and publicity to the actors. (Examples of the picture on press articles 1, 2)
  • This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):
"Publicity photos have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."[1]

Creative Clearance offers similar advice for older publicity stills but distinguishes "Publicity Photos (star headshots)" from "Production Stills (photos taken on the set of the film or TV show during the shooting)". It says newer publicity stills may contain a copyright, and production stills "must be cleared with the studio."[2]

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

Legal expert on the use of photographic images, Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them. . .(The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

These photographs came from a photo archive of entertainment industry publicity pictures, historic still images widely distributed by the studios to advertise and promote their then new releases. While not considered valuable at the time, avid collectors have created complete archives by salvaging and cataloging movie and television photographs, preserving a significant facet of American culture. These archives are a valuable cache for publishers who rely on these archives as a resource for entertainment material."[3]

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

Film industry expert Gerald Mast explains how the new 1989 copyright revisions only protected publicity works that complied with all earlier requirements in addition to filing a copyright registration within 5 years of first publication:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."[4]
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[5]

References

  1. Honathaner, Eve Light. The Complete Film Production Handbook, Focal Press, (2001) p. 211
  2. Creative Clearance. Photography Clearance. Clearance Guidelines for Producers. Archived from the original on 2013-02-12. Retrieved on 4 May 2011.
  3. Wolff, Nancy E. The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook, Allworth Communications, 2007 p. 55
  4. Mast, Gerald. "Film Study and the Copyright Law", from Cinema Journal, Winter 2007, pp. 120-127
  5. Thompson, Kristin. [1] "Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Society For Cinema Studies, "Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" "Society for Cinema and Media Studies", 1993 conference

许可协议

本作品在美国属于公有领域,因为其于1929至1977年(包括)间在美国出版,且没有著作权声明。更多详情,请参见共享资源:赫特图表以及公共艺术品“出版”的详细说明。请注意此作品在对美国作品不适用较短期限法则的管辖区可能仍然受版权保护(基于作者的逝世日期),例如加拿大(作者逝世后50年)、中国大陆(作者逝世后50年,不包括香港和澳门)、德国(作者逝世后70年)、墨西哥(作者逝世后100年)、瑞士(作者逝世后70年)及其他有本地条约的国家。

العربية  беларуская (тарашкевіца)  čeština  Deutsch  Ελληνικά  English  español  français  Bahasa Indonesia  italiano  日本語  한국어  македонски  Nederlands  português  русский  sicilianu  slovenščina  ไทย  Tiếng Việt  中文(简体)  中文(繁體)  +/−

Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States

说明

添加一行文字以描述该文件所表现的内容

此文件中描述的项目

描绘内容

保罗·纽曼 中文(已转写)

文件历史

点击某个日期/时间查看对应时刻的文件。

日期/时间缩⁠略⁠图大小用户备注
当前2013年2月16日 (六) 17:472013年2月16日 (六) 17:47版本的缩略图1,356 × 1,600(343 KB)GDuwenUser created page with UploadWizard

全域文件用途

以下其他wiki使用此文件: