β-葡聚糖是指由β-葡萄糖[a]通过β-糖苷键聚合形成的聚糖,多数的β-葡聚糖分子内糖苷键类型均为β-1,3-糖苷键或β-1,6-糖苷键。β-葡聚糖最早发现于地衣[1]。一部分β-葡聚糖对人类健康有益[2]。已有研究证据表明,通过β-1,3-糖苷键聚合而成的β-葡聚糖能强化哺乳动物的先天免疫系统[3]。1997年,FDA认可了成人每天应至少摄入3克β-葡聚糖的建议[4]

纤维素是一种较为常见的β-葡聚糖,分子中糖苷键类型为β-1,4-糖苷键

纤维素在化学意义上是较为常见的β-葡聚糖,但是内含β-1,4-糖苷键,没有其他β-葡聚糖的效果,因此营养学意义上不计入。[5]可能有β-1,3-连结对于这些效果比较重要。考虑到这点,营养学的“β-葡聚糖”概念一种更加严格的叫法是:β-1,3-葡聚糖。[6]

β-葡聚糖的来源和结构
来源(例子) 主链结构 支链结构 水溶性
细菌(热凝胶多糖
不可溶[7]
真菌(灵芝为例)
短支链 β-1,6 不可溶[8]
真菌(酵母细胞壁)[b]
长支链 β-1,6 不可溶[9]
谷类(燕麦β-葡聚糖英语Oat beta-glucan
可溶[10]

不可溶的葡聚糖可以通过一些化学修饰转化为可溶形式。[8]

参见

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注释

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  1. ^ 在D系糖中,β代表半缩醛羟基空间位置在碳环平面上方
  2. ^ 酵母抽提物生产的副产物

参考资料

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  1. ^ Kirby, R. W.; Anderson, J. W.; Sieling, B.; Rees, E. D.; Chen, W. J.; Miller, R. E.; Kay, R. M. Oat-bran intake selectively lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1981-05, 34 (5): 824–829 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 6263072. doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.5.824. (原始内容存档于2021-11-23). 
  2. ^ Tsuji, Yoshinori; Yoshida, Masaki. Chapter Seven - Biology of Haptophytes: Complicated Cellular Processes Driving the Global Carbon Cycle. Hirakawa, Yoshihisa (编). Advances in Botanical Research. Secondary Endosymbioses 84. Academic Press. 2017-01-01: 219–261 [2018-12-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-14) (英语). 
  3. ^ Brown, Gordon D.; Williams, David L. (1,3)-β-Glucans in Innate Immunity. Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides. Elsevier. 2009: 579–619 [2021-11-10]. ISBN 978-0-12-373971-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373971-1.00018-2. (原始内容存档于2019-05-10) (英语). 
  4. ^ FOOD LABELING. ecfr.gov. [2018-12-27]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-31). 
  5. ^ Sikora, Per. Identification of high b-glucan oat lines and localization and chemical characterization of their seed kernel b-glucans. Food Chemistry. 14 June 2012, 137 (1–4): 83–91. PMID 23199994. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.007. 
  6. ^ Zeković, Djordje B. Natural and Modified (1→3)-β-D-Glucans in Health Promotion and Disease Alleviation. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 10 October 2008, 25 (4): 205–230. PMID 16419618. S2CID 86109922. doi:10.1080/07388550500376166. 
  7. ^ Mcintosh, M. Curdlan and other bacterial (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 19 October 2004, 68 (2): 163–173. PMID 15818477. S2CID 13123359. doi:10.1007/s00253-005-1959-5. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Han, Man Deuk. Solubilization of water-insoluble β-glucan isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Environmental Biology. March 2008. 
  9. ^ Volman, Julia J. Dietary modulation of immune function by β-glucans. Physiology & Behavior. 20 November 2007, 94 (2): 276–284. PMID 18222501. S2CID 24758421. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.045. 
  10. ^ Chu, YiFang. Oats Nutrition and Technology. Barrington, Illinois: Wiley Blackwell. 2014. ISBN 978-1-118-35411-7.