三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)
三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)是一种配位化合物,化学式为C12H24Cl3O3Ti,可简写为TiCl3(THF)3,其中THF为四氢呋喃。它对空气和水十分敏感。[3]
三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III) | |
---|---|
英文名 | Trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)titanium |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 18039-90-2 |
PubChem | 6097232 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | MIDYWIPTCYRMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
性质 | |
化学式 | C12H24Cl3O3Ti |
摩尔质量 | 370.54 g·mol−1 |
外观 | 天蓝色固体[1] |
密度 | 1.45 g·cm−3 |
熔点 | 分解 |
溶解性(水) | 水解 |
结构 | |
晶体结构 | P21/c[2] |
危险性 | |
GHS危险性符号 | |
GHS提示词 | 危险 |
H-术语 | H228, H314 |
P-术语 | P210, P240, P241, P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P363, P370+378 |
相关物质 | |
其他阴离子 | 三溴三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III) |
其他阳离子 | 三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钒(III) |
相关化学品 | 三氯化钛 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
制备
编辑三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)可由三氯化钛和过量的四氢呋喃反应得到;[4]或由3TiCl3·AlCl3和四氢呋喃反应制得。[5]另一种常用的方法是由铝在THF中还原TiCl4(THF)2:[3]
- 3 TiCl4(THF)2 + Al + 5 THF → 3 TiCl3(THF)3 + AlCl3(THF)2
性质
编辑三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)在100 °C分解为绿色的TiCl3(THF)2,继续加热得到灰色的TiCl3(THF)[4],150~200 °C发生歧化反应,生成TiCl2并升华得到亮黄色的TiCl4(THF)2。[1]
它在四氢呋喃中氩气气氛下可以被镁还原为Ti(MgCl)2·TiCl2,它和氮气反应生成Ti(MgCl)2(N2)·TiCl2,[6]也有文献报道这一反应直接在氮气中进行,得到含Ti–N键的另一化合物TiN(MgCl)2·THF:[7]
- 2 TiCl3(THF)3 + 5 Mg + N2 → 2 TiN(MgCl)2·THF + MgCl2(THF)2
TiCl3(THF)3–Mg–THF体系可以和一氧化碳反应,生成TiC2并放出甲烷,碳化物水解生成乙炔和甲烷。[8]
由于三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)不稳定,它可以很容易地发生配体取代反应,如它和环辛四烯二钾在THF中回流反应,部分氯和THF配体被取代,可以结晶出绿色的[C8H8TiCl(THF)]2,它的THF分子可以继续脱去,得到灰绿色的[C8H8TiCl]4。[9]三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)在室温下可以和乙酰丙酮反应,生成红褐色的Ti(acac)Cl2(THF)2。[10]它在乙醚中和五氯苯基锂反应,可以得到黄色的[Li(THF)4][Ti(C6Cl5)4],它在二氯甲烷-乙醚混合溶剂中重结晶,部分THF被取代,得到[Li(THF)2(O(C2H5)2)2][Ti(C6Cl5)4]·CH2Cl2。[11]
- 2 TiCl3(THF)3 ⇌ [TiCl2(THF)4]+ + [TiCl4(THF)2]−
它可以和四氯化钛、氯化锌等反应,生成[TiCl2(THF)4][SnCl5(THF)]、[TiCl2(THF)4][ZnCl3(THF)]等。[12]类似地,它和[NnBu4]2[MgCl4](nBu=正丁基)反应,可以得到蓝色的[NnBu4][TiCl4(THF)2]·THF。[13]
用途
编辑三氯三(四氢呋喃)合钛(III)可用作TiIII源参与反应,如可以和金属有机框架材料MOF-5进行离子交换,得到部分Zn2+被Ti3+取代的化合物。[14]
参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 R.J. Kern. Tetrahydrofuran complexes of transition metal chlorides. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1962-12, 24 (9): 1105–1109 [2021-08-03]. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80255-3. (原始内容存档于2018-06-13) (英语).
- ^ Handlovič, M.; Mikloš, D.; Zikmund, M. The structure of trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)titanium(III). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 1981, 37 (4): 811–814. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S056774088100438X (英语).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Sobota, Piotr; Ejfler, Jolanta; Szafert, Sławomir; Szczegot, Krzysztof; Sawka-Dobrowolska, Wanda. New intermediates for the synthesis of olefin polymerization catalysts: the complexes [M2(µ-Cl)2Cl4(thf)4](M = Ti or V, thf = tetrahydrofuran); crystal structures and properties. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, (15): 2353–2357. ISSN 0300-9246. doi:10.1039/DT9930002353 (英语).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Zikmund, Miroslav; Valent, Aladar; Hrnciarova, Klara; Kohutova, Maria. Synthesis, thermogravimetric, and magnetochemical investigation of chloro (tetrahydrofuran)titanium(III) complexes. Chemicke Zvesti (Chemical Papers). 1969, 23 (11-12): 843–849 [2021-08-10]. ISSN 0366-6352. (原始内容存档于2021-08-10) (英语).
- ^ Natalie A. Jones, Stephen T. Liddle, Claire Wilson, Polly L. Arnold. Titanium(III) Alkoxy-N-heterocyclic Carbenes and a Safe, Low-Cost Route to TiCl 3 (THF) 3. Organometallics. 2007-01, 26 (3): 755–757 [2021-08-03]. ISSN 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/om060486d. (原始内容存档于2021-07-11) (英语).
- ^ Tyrlik, Stanislaw; Wolochowicz, Iwona. Investigations on a nitrogen fixing system formed from titanium trichloride.3THF + magnesium in an argon atmosphere. I. Reaction with water and molecular nitrogen. Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences Chimiques. 1976, 24 (5): 341–348 [2021-08-10]. ISSN 0001-4095. (原始内容存档于2021-08-10) (法语).
- ^ Yamamoto, Akio; Go, Shigeo; Ookawa, Masaharu; Takahashi, Mitsuaki; Ikeda, Sakuji; Keii, Tominaga. Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Nitrogen Fixation with TiCl3-Mg and VCL3-Mg in Tetrahydrofuran. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 1972, 45 (10): 3110–3117. ISSN 0009-2673. doi:10.1246/bcsj.45.3110 (英语).
- ^ Jezowska-Trzebiatowska, B.; Sobota, P. Fixation of the carbon monoxide in the system TiCl3 · 3THF + Mg + THF. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 1973, 61: C43–C44. ISSN 0022-328X. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)86519-5 (英语).
- ^ van der Wal, H.R.; Overzet, F.; van Oven, H.O.; de Boer, J.L.; de Liefde Meijer, H.J.; Jellinek, F. Cyclooctatetraenetitanium chloride and its adducts with THF and some amines. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 1975, 92 (3): 329–340. ISSN 0022-328X. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)85684-3 (英语).
- ^ Bowden, Frank L.; Ferguson, David. Mixed ligand diketonate complexes of tervalent titanium. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 1978, 26: 251–254. ISSN 0020-1693. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)87223-0 (英语).
- ^ Alonso, Pablo J.; Forniés, Juan; García-Monforte, M. Angeles; Martín, Antonio; Menjón, Babil. The first structurally characterised homoleptic σ-organotitanium(iii) compound. Chemical Communications. 2002, (7): 728–729. ISSN 1359-7345. doi:10.1039/b111127b (英语).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Janas, Zofia; Sobota, Piotr; Lis, Tadeusz. Interaction of titanium and tin chlorides in tetrahydrofuran. The X-ray crystal structure of [trans-TiCl2(THF)4]+[SnCl5(THF)]−. Polyhedron. 1988, 7 (24): 2655–2658. ISSN 0277-5387. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83888-7 (英语).
- ^ Sobota, Piotr; Mustafa, Muhi O.; Lis, Tadeusz. Reaction between the [MgCl4]2− anion and titanium chlorides. The crystal structure of [NBu4][trans-TiCl4(THF)2·THF. Polyhedron. 1989, 8 (16): 2013–2016. ISSN 0277-5387. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)80496-9 (英语).
- ^ Brozek, Carl K.; Dincă, Mircea. Ti3+, V2+/3+, Cr2+/3+, Mn2+, and Fe2+-Substituted MOF-5 and Redox Reactivity in Cr- and Fe-MOF-5. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2013, 135 (34): 12886–12891. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja4064475 (英语).