脂鲤科
(重定向自企鹅鱼属)
脂鲤科(学名:Characidae,又译作拟鲤科、鲑鲤科、加拉辛科、加辛拉科),为辐鳍鱼纲脂鲤目中最大的一科。是主要为原产于美洲及非洲热带或亚热带的淡水鱼。[2]
脂鲤科![]() | |
---|---|
![]() | |
一条巴氏丝尾脂鲤(Nematobrycon palmeri)和三条霓虹脂鲤(Paracheirodon innesi) | |
![]() | |
布氏半线脂鲤(Hemigrammus bleheri) | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri |
目: | 脂鲤目 Characiformes |
科: | 脂鲤科 Characidae Latreille, 1825 |
属 | |
见内文 |
分类
编辑脂鲤科下分156个属,如下:[3]
- 阿氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax agassizii
- 白细脂鲤 Aphyocharax alburnus
- 安氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax anisitsi
- 委内瑞拉细脂鲤 Aphyocharax colifax
- 大牙细脂鲤 Aphyocharax dentatus
- 淡红细脂鲤 Aphyocharax erythrurus
- 细脂鲤 Aphyocharax gracilis
- 纳氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax natterei
- 巴拉圭细脂鲤 Aphyocharax paraguayensis
- 柔弱细脂鲤 Aphyocharax pusillus
- 拉氏细脂鲤 Aphyocharax rathbuni
- 耶瓦细脂鲤 Aphyocharax yekwanae
- 克氏青脂鲤 Inpaichthys kerri
- 溪青脂鲤 Inpaichthys nambiquara 旧名:溪光尾裙鱼
- Inpaichthys parauapiranga
- 白副角脂鲤 Paragoniates alburnus
- 大鳞短腺脂鲤 Phenagoniates macrolepis
- 奇石脂鲤 Xenagoniates bondi
- 纹吸鱼 Aphyodite grammica
- 亚马逊细石脂鲤 Leptobrycon jatuarane
- 美目小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon callops
- 南美小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon casiquiare
- 长小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon elongatus
- 盖氏小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon geisleri
- 巴西小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon guaporensis
- 黑背小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon melanotus
- 迈氏小体石脂鲤 Microschemobrycon meyburgi
- 亚马逊河锐啮脂鲤 Oxybrycon parvulus
- 圆鳞佩力克脂鲤 Parecbasis cyclolepis
- 唇啮脂鲤 Chilobrycon deuterodon
- 惠氏唇脂鲤 Henochilus wheatlandii
- 小鳞刺脂鲤 Acanthocharax microlepis
- 尖粘鲈 Acestrocephalus acutus
- 哥伦比亚粘鲈 Acestrocephalus anomalus
- 贝氏粘鲈 Acestrocephalus boehlkei
- 斑粘鲈 Acestrocephalus maculosus
- 黑纹粘鲈 Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus
- 苍白粘鲈 Acestrocephalus pallidus
- 沙丁粘鲈 Acestrocephalus sardina
- 点斑粘鲈 Acestrocephalus stigmatus
- 阿普雷桂脂鲤 Charax apurensis
- Charax awa Guimarães, De Brito, Ferreira & Ottoni, 2018[5]
- 尾斑桂脂鲤 Charax caudimaculatus
- 康得氏桂脂鲤 Charax condei
- 驼背桂脂鲤 Charax gibbosus
- 半线桂脂鲤 Charax hemigrammus
- 莱氏桂脂鲤 Charax leticiae
- 大鳞桂脂鲤 Charax macrolepis
- 米塔桂脂鲤 Charax metae
- 迈克尔氏桂脂鲤 Charax michaeli
- 黑桂脂鲤 Charax niger
- 南美桂脂鲤 Charax notulatus
- 少辐桂脂鲤 Charax pauciradiatus
- 鲁氏桂脂鲤 Charax rupununi
- 窄鳍桂脂鲤 Charax stenopterus
- 猛桂脂鲤 Charax tectifer
- 单班桂脂鲤 Charax unimaculatus
- 亚马逊犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus amazonus
- 银犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus argenteus
- 阿特拉托犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus atratoensis
- 双斑犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus bipunctatus
- 圭亚那犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus essequibensis
- 古氏犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus gouldingi
- 朱氏犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus juruenae
- 金氏犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus kincaidi
- 旋游犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus magdalenae
- 图康廷斯犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus tocatinensis
- 委内瑞拉犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus venezuelae
- 丽体犬齿河脂鲤 Cynopotamus xinguano)
- 亚马逊河鹿齿鱼 Exodon paradoxus
- 半带吸宝莲鱼 Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus
- 吉氏宝莲鱼 Cheirodontops geayi
Ctenocheirodon属
编辑- 侧带矮宝莲鱼 Nanocheirodon insignis
- 双线匕啮鱼 Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911),基异名:Hasemania bilineata Ellis, 1911
- 伯氏裸脂鲤 Gymnocharacinus bergii
- 艾氏头脂鲤 Carlana eigenmanni (Meek, 1912),基异名:Cheirodon eigenmanni Meek, 1912
- 科氏短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus copei
- 厄瓜多尔短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus nummus
- 圭亚那短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus orbicularis
- 巴西短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus parnaibae
- Brachychalcinus reisi Garcia-Ayala, Ohara, Pastana & Benine, 2017[11]
- 后刺短蜴脂鲤 Brachychalcinus retrospina
- 巴西直棘脂鲤 Orthospinus franciscensis
- 短棘银鞍脂鲤 Poptella brevispina
- 窄身银鞍脂鲤 Poptella compressa
- 长鳍银鞍脂鲤 Poptella longipinnis
- 巴拉圭银鞍脂鲤 Poptella paraguayaensis
- 列牙脂鲤 Stichonodon insignis
Stevardiinae亚科
编辑- 乔科白肋脂鲤 Argopleura chocoensis
- 小头白肋脂鲤 Argopleura conventus
- 迪克白肋脂鲤 Argopleura diquensis
- 黑带白肋脂鲤 Argopleura magdalenensis
- 奥利脂鲤 Aulixidens eugeniae
- 弗氏贝基脂鲤 Boehlkea fredcochui
- 南美啮鱼 Caiapobrycon tucuri
- 宾氏角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia binghami
- 隐纹角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia delotaenia
- 厄瓜多尔角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia elatior
- 琼氏角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia joanae
- 钝吻角鳃脂鲤 Ceratobranchia obtusirostris
- 里氏剑尾脂鲤 Corynopoma riisei
- 阿来格蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax alegretensis
- 河栖蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax dicropotamicus
- 巴西蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax itaimbe
- 碎鳞蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax lepiclastus
- 秀美蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax tipiaia
- 蓝色蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax obi
- 乌拉圭蓝脂鲤 Cyanocharax uruguayensis
- 黑尾裙鱼 Gephyrocharax atracaudatus
- 高加裙鱼 Gephyrocharax caucanus
- 夏帕裙鱼 Gephyrocharax chaparae
- 乔科裙鱼 Gephyrocharax chocoensis
- 间裙鱼 Gephyrocharax intermedius
- 大裙鱼 Gephyrocharax major
- 苦裙鱼 Gephyrocharax martae
- 黑裙鱼 Gephyrocharax melanocheir
- 南美裙鱼 Gephyrocharax sinuensis
- 壮裙鱼 Gephyrocharax valencia
- 委内瑞拉裙鱼 Gephyrocharax venezuelae
- 惠氏裙鱼 Gephyrocharax whaleri
- 巴西宫脂鲤 Hysteronotus megalostomus
- 早熟啮脂鲤 Iotabrycon praecox
- 厄瓜多尔兰脂鲤 Landonia latidens
Lepidocharax属
编辑- 韦氏冠石脂鲤 Lophiobrycon weitzmani
- Monotocheirodon drilos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- Monotocheirodon duda Carvalho, Thomaz, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros, 2024[12]
- Monotocheirodon kontos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2013
- 皮尔逊氏单宝莲鱼 Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann, 1924
- 阿根廷侏脂鲤 Nantis indefessus
- 单牙脂鲤 Odontostoechus lethostigmus
- 艾氏帆鳍脂鲤 Othonocheirodus eigenmanni
- 汉氏盗脂鲤 Phenacobrycon henni
- 嵴腹脂鲤 Pseudocorynopoma doriae
- 异嵴腹脂鲤 Pseudocorynopoma heterandria
- Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi Malabarba, Chuctaya, Hirschmann, Oliveira & Thomaz, 2020[13]
- 喜溪褶脂鲤 Ptychocharax rhyacophila
- 南美大吻石脂鲤 Rhinobrycon negrensis
- 饰妆轮唇脂鲤 Trochilocharax ornatus
- Tetragonopterus anostomus
- 阿瓜亚河大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
- 银大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816[14]
- 卡氏大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus carvalhoi
- 金大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus chalceus
- 小齿大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus denticulatus
- Tetragonopterus franciscoensis
- 乔氏大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus georgiae
- Tetragonopterus juruena
- Tetragonopterus kuluene
- Tetragonopterus ommatus
- 罕见大眼脂鲤 Tetragonopterus rarus
- Tetragonopterus signatus
- 斯氏颌脂鲤 Gnathocharax steindachneri
- 戈氏武脂鲤 Hoplocharax goethei
- 鳓形矛脂鲤 Lonchogenys ilisha
地位未定(incertae sedis)
编辑- 穆氏拟丽脂鲤 Astyanacinus moorii
- 多牙拟丽脂鲤 Astyanacinus multidens
- 普拉滕拟丽脂鲤 Astyanacinus platensis
- Astyanacinus yariguies
- 内格罗河怪脂鲤 Atopomesus pachyodus
- 斯氏巴里奥脂鲤 Bario steindachneri
- 巴氏布拉姆脂鲤 Bramocharax baileyi
- 勃氏布拉姆脂鲤 Bramocharax bransfordii ,尼加拉瓜布拉姆脂鲤
- 卡氏布拉姆脂鲤 Bramocharax caballeroi
- 多氏布拉姆脂鲤 Bramocharax dorioni
- 南美小啮脂鲤 Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, 1946)
- 亚马逊大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus epakros
- 红铜大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus erythrurus
- 条纹大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus fasciatus
- 瓜波雷大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus guaporensis
- 巴西大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus latus
- 大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus macrolepidotus
- 污斑大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus spilogyros
- 条带大鳞脂鲤 Chalceus taeniatus
- 阿氏栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon alleni
- 秘鲁栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus
- 多辐栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon multiradiatus
- Ctenobrycon oliverai
- 斑点栉啮鱼 Ctenobrycon spilurus
- 杏色咬啮鱼 Dectobrycon armeniacus
- 副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon iguape
- 兰格氏副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon langei
- 长吻副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon longirostris
- 驼背副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon parahybae
- 波塔副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon potaroensis
- 玫瑰副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon rosae
- 南美副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon singularis
- 眼点副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon stigmaturus
- 巴西副齿脂鲤 Deuterodon supparis
- 似鳀鲱脂鲤 Engraulisoma taeniatum
Erythrocharax属
编辑- Erythrocharax altipinnis Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, de Sousa, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2013[16]
- 希氏裸身脂鲤 Gymnotichthys hildae
- 巴西光尾裙鱼 Hasemania crenuchoides
- 汉氏光尾裙鱼 Hasemania hanseni
- 卡龙光尾裙鱼 Hasemania kalunga
- 颌光尾裙鱼 Hasemania maxillaris
- 黑色光尾裙鱼 Hasemania melanura
- 银顶光尾裙鱼 Hasemania nana
- 黏滑光尾裙鱼 Hasemania piatan
- 多带南美荷兰鱼 Hollandichthys multifasciatus
- 特拉曼达伊河南美荷兰鱼 Hollandichthys taramandahy
- 梅氏食蚊脂鲤 Lignobrycon myersi
- 里氏墨西石脂鲤 Mixobrycon ribeiroi
- 巴西黏眼鱼 Myxiops aphos
- 小口寡石脂鲤 Oligobrycon microstomus
- 尖吻寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus acutirostris
- 银寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus argenteus
- 玻利维亚寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus bolivianus
- 短寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus brevioris
- 贪食寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus hepsetus
- 伊塔乌河寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus itau
- 杰卡河寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus jacuiensis
- 詹氏寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus jenynsii
- 长吻寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus longirostris
- 大鳞寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus macrolepis
- 米尼兹寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus menezesi
- 少鳞寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus oligolepis
- 巴那拉河寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus paranensis
- 巴西寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus perdido
- 平托氏寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus pintoi
- 南美寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus planaltinae
- 红寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus robustus
- 谢氏寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus schindleri
- 沼泽寡脂鲤 Oligosarcus solitarius
- 阿氏霓虹脂鲤 Paracheirodon axelrodi :又称南美霓虹脂鲤、红莲灯。
- 霓虹脂鲤 Paracheirodon innesi :又称英氏霓虹脂鲤、日光灯。
- 类霓虹脂鲤 Paracheirodon simulans :又称绿莲灯。
- 珀蒂鱼 Petitella georgiae
- 碧背茎啮脂鲤 Phallobrycon adenacanthus
- Pristella ariporo Conde-Saldaña, Albornoz-Garzón, García-Melo, Villa-Navarro, Mirande & Lima, 2019[17]
- 大颚细锯脂鲤 Pristella maxillaris :又称大颔细锯脂鲤。
- 奇口脂鲤 Probolodus heterostomus
- 肯氏饰纹脂鲤 Psellogrammus kennedyi
- 厄瓜多尔拟蜥脂鲤 Pseudochalceus bohlkei
- 凯氏拟蜥脂鲤 Pseudochalceus kyburzi
- 线纹拟蜥脂鲤 Pseudochalceus lineatus
- 长臀拟蜥脂鲤 Pseudochalceus longianalis
- 南美舒尔茨脂鲤 Schultzites axelrodi
- 大头裂脂鲤 Scissor macrocephalus
- 梅氏锯石脂鲤 Serrabrycon magoi
- 盲眼冥脂鲤 Stygichthys typhlops
- 南美𬶭脂鲤 Thrissobrycon pectinifer
亚科未定
编辑Cyanogaster属
编辑- Cyanogaster noctivaga Mattox, Britz, Toledo-Piza & Marinho, 2013[19]
Phycocharax属
编辑- Phycocharax rasbora Ohara, Mirande & Lima, 2017[21]
参考资料
编辑- ^ FishBase (2011)
- ^ Berra, Tim M. Freshwater Fish Distribution. University of Chicago Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-226-04443-9.
- ^ Characidae. GBIF. [2023-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-27).
- ^ Vitor Pimenta Abrahão, Murilo Pastana and Manoela Marinho. 2019. On A Remarkable Sexual Dimorphic Trait in the Characiformes related to the Olfactory Organ and Description of A New Miniature Species of Tyttobrycon Géry (Characiformes: Characidae). PLoS ONE. 14(12): e0226130. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226130
- ^ Erick Cristofore Guimarães, Pâmella Silva De Brito, Beldo Rywllon Abreu Ferreira and Felipe Polivanov Ottoni. 2018. A New Species of Charax (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 94(1): 83-93. DOI: 10.3897/zse.94.22106
- ^ Malabarba, L.R.; Weitzman, S.H. (1999). A new genus and species of South American fishes (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) with a derived caudal fin, including comments about inseminating cheirodontines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 112: 410-431.
- ^ Cristina M. Bührnheim, Tiago P. Carvalho, Luiz R. Malabarba and Stanley H. Weitzman. 2008. A New Genus and Species of Characid Fish from the Amazon Basin - the Recognition of A Relictual Lineage of Characid Fishes (Ostariophysi: Cheirodontinae: Cheirodontini). Neotrop. ichthyol. 6(4); DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252008000400016
- ^ Pearson, N. E. (1924). The fishes of the eastern slope of the Andes. I. The fishes of the Rio Beni basin, Bolivia, collected by the Mulford expedition. Indiana University Studies. v. 11 (no. 64): 1-83, Pls. 1-12.
- ^ Bragança, P.H.N.d., Barbosa, M.A. & Mattos, J.L. 2013. A New Nematocharax Species from the middle Contas River basin, Northeastern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 63 (1): 3-8.
- ^ Weitzman, S. H.; Menezes, N. A.; Britski, H. A. (1986). Nematocharax venustus, a new genus and species of fish from the Rio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 99 (2): 335-346.
- ^ James R. Garcia-Ayala, Willian M. Ohara, Murilo N. L. Pastana and Ricardo C. Benine. 2017. A New Species of Brachychalcinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Xingu basin, Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil. Zootaxa. 4362(4); 564–574. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.4.5
- ^ Tiago P. Carvalho, Andréa Tonolli Thomaz, Alexander Urbano-Bonilla and Saúl Prada-Pedreros. 2024. A New characid Species with remarkable sexual dimorphism (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the upper Guayabero River, Orinoco basin, Colombia. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15738
- ^ Luiz R. Malabarba, Junior Chuctaya, Alice Hirschmann, Eduardo Bitencourt de Oliveira and Andréa T. Thomaz. 2020. Hidden or unnoticed? Multiple Lines of Evidence Support the Recognition of A New Species of Pseudocorynopoma (Characidae: Corynopomini). Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14572
- ^ Silva, Gabriel S. C., Bruno F. Melo, Claudio Oliveira and Ricardo C. Benine. 2016. Revision of the South American Genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with Description of Four New Species. Zootaxa. 4200(1); 1–46. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.1
- ^ Eigenmann, C. H. (1912). Some results from an ichthyological reconnaissance of Colombia, South America. Part I. (Contrib. Zool. Lab. Ind. Univ. No. 127.). Indiana University Studies. No. 16 [sic No. 8]: 1-27.
- ^ Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O., de Sousa, L.M., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. 2013. A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data. PLoS ONE
- ^ Cristhian C. Conde-Saldaña, Juan G. Albornoz-Garzón, Jorge E. García-Melo, Francisco A. Villa-Navarro, J. Marcos Mirande and Flávio C. T. Lima. 2019. A New Pristella (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Río Orinoco Basin, Colombia, with A Redefinition of the Genus. Copeia. 107(3); 439-446. DOI: 10.1643/CI-18-147
- ^ George M. T. Mattox and Kevin W. Conway. 2021. Osteology of Tucanoichthys tucano Géry and Römer, An Enigmatic Miniature Fish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 645-667. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e71886
- ^ Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. 2013. Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 23(4), 297-318.
- ^ Richard P. Vari, Bruno F. Melo and Claudio Oliveira. 2016. Protocheirodon, A New Genus of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) with the Redescription of the Poorly Known Protocheirodon pi. Neotrop. ichthyol. 14(2); DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150154
- ^ Willian Massaharu Ohara, Juan Marcos Mirande and Flávio Cesar Thadeo de Lima. 2017. Phycocharax rasbora, A New Genus and Species of Brazilian Tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Tapajós Basin. PLoS Biology. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170648