似奇虾属
似奇虾属(学名:Paranomalocaris)底下有两个物种,分别是多节似奇虾(学名:Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis)和简单似奇虾(学名:Paranomalocaris simplex)。[1][2]附肢细长且共有22节,附肢上有刺称作前附肢棘(ventral spines),前附肢棘还有五对小刺称作前附肢辅棘(auxiliary spines)在比较外面的节有锯齿状的背刺,在最外面的节可看到两个更小的刺。[1]
似奇虾属 | |
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似奇虾的附肢复原图 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | †恐虾纲 Dinocaridida |
目: | †放射齿目 Radiodonta |
科: | †奇虾科 (?) Anomalocarididae |
属: | †似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013 |
种 | |
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发现与命名 编辑
发现于中国昆明的乌龙箐地层(Wulongqing Formation),属于寒武纪第四期的关山动物群(Guanshan biota)与关山虾属一样。多节似奇虾的模式标本是NIGP154564[2],而简单似奇虾的模式标本是YKLP 12417。[1]
Paranomalocaris是由“para”(相近、类似)+“Anomalocaris”(同科模式种的奇虾属名);而多节似奇虾(Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis)的种小名-“multisegmentalis”是“multi”(许多)+“segmental”(一节一节的);[1]简单似奇虾(Paranomalocaris simplex)的种小名-“simplex”(简单)比起同属的多节似奇虾附肢结构简单许多。[2]
型态 编辑
多节似奇虾共有22节,从中间到外侧,节的长度逐渐变短。最里面的节(最右边开始数,又称作第一节)有两根小刺(当时将两节误认为一节);第三节和第四节的前附肢棘最大;第五节到第二十一节有比较小的前附肢棘。比较内侧和中间的前附肢棘会有五对的前附肢辅棘,大小会逐渐变小。有背刺分布在第十二节到第二十一节,每节共有六个小背刺,大小会随着节而逐渐变小,且第六个背刺会比其他五个还要大。最末端的节有两个小刺。[1]
简单似奇虾的每个节有一对有个细长的前附肢棘,长度会交替,且上面未有前附肢辅棘。
分类 编辑
似奇虾属的分类具有争议,一种是认为是似奇虾属属于奇虾科和抱怪虫科的类群[1][2][3][4][5],另一种则是归类在放射齿目的奇虾亚目的基群物种。[6][7][8]
Joseph Moysiuk和Jean-Bernard Caron提出的分类图:[5]
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Gaëtan J.-M. Potin和Allison C. Daley提出的分类图:[8]
胡桃夹子虫属 Caryosyntrips | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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参考资料 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020.
- ^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
- ^ Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17].
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.
- ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1). ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7.
- ^ Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.