努比亚羱羊

努比亚羱羊
	雄羊
	雌羊
保护状况
	; 易危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
科：	牛科 Bovidae
亚科：	羊亚科 Caprinae
属：	山羊属 Capra
种：	努比亚羱羊 C. nubiana
二名法
	Capra nubiana; F. Cuvier, 1825

努比亚羱羊（学名：Capra nubiana）是山羊属的一种动物，为生活在沙漠中的夜行性山羊，分布于北非、东北非与西亚^[2]。过去本种被视作羱羊（Capra ibex）的亚种，现已基于分子证据被分作独立物种。本种族群约有4500只成羊，现被IUCN被归为易危物种^[1]。

努比亚羱羊是体型最小的一种羱羊，肩高约为70公分，为两性异形的物种，雄羊（52—74.7公斤）体型大于雌羊（25.3—32.7公斤）^[3]^[4]。本种主要以相思树与金合欢树叶为食，取食时可爬到树上^[3]；这种山羊具社会性，羊群由雌羊与小羊组成，羊群中的雌羊具阶级（英语：Dominance hierarchy）之分，成年雄羊则大多独立生活^[3]^[5]^[4]。

希伯来圣经即有许多关于努比亚羱羊的记载，圣经人物雅亿名称的意思即为羱羊^[6]。努比亚羱羊现为以色列自然公园管理局（英语：Israel Nature and Parks Authority）的标志^[7]^[8]。也门也将努比亚羱羊视为国家象征之一^[9]^[10]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T.; Saltz, D. Capra nubiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020, 2020: e.T3796A22143385 [19 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3796A22143385.en  .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Capra nubiana F.Cuvier, 1825. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Mendelssohn, H.; Yom-Tov, Y. Mammalia of Israel (Fauna Palestina). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 1999: 271–280. ISBN 978-965-208-145-2.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Gross, J.E.; Alkon, P.U.; Demment, M.W. Grouping patterns and spatial segregation by Nubian ibex. Journal of Arid Environments. 1995, 30 (4): 423–439. Bibcode:1995JArEn..30..423G. doi:10.1006/jare.1995.0037.
^ Greenberg-Cohen, Dalia; Alkon, Philip U.; Yom-Tov, Yoram. A Linear Dominance Hierarchy in Female Nubian Ibex. Ethology. 2010-04-26, 98 (3–4): 210–220 [28 January 2023]. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01072.x. （原始内容存档于10 February 2023）.
^ Benner, Jeff A. The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible. Virtualbookworm.com. 30 August 2005. ISBN 978-1-58939-776-7.
^ About Us. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. （原始内容存档于27 January 2023）.
^ Rescue and release: A herd of ibexes returned to nature. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. July 15, 2019 [7 January 2024]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2024）.
^ Nubian Ibex. San Diego Zoo. [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-25）.
^ Hamdan Alaly. Ibex in the Yemeni civilization: a historical symbolism being revived. Global Voices. 2022 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-25）.

[iucn-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T.; Saltz, D. Capra nubiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020, 2020: e.T3796A22143385 [19 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3796A22143385.en  .

[GBIF-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Capra nubiana F.Cuvier, 1825. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat.

[Mendelssohn-1999-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Mendelssohn, H.; Yom-Tov, Y. Mammalia of Israel (Fauna Palestina). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 1999: 271–280. ISBN 978-965-208-145-2.

[Gross-1995-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Gross, J.E.; Alkon, P.U.; Demment, M.W. Grouping patterns and spatial segregation by Nubian ibex. Journal of Arid Environments. 1995, 30 (4): 423–439. Bibcode:1995JArEn..30..423G. doi:10.1006/jare.1995.0037.

[5] Greenberg-Cohen, Dalia; Alkon, Philip U.; Yom-Tov, Yoram. A Linear Dominance Hierarchy in Female Nubian Ibex. Ethology. 2010-04-26, 98 (3–4): 210–220 [28 January 2023]. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01072.x. （原始内容存档于10 February 2023）.

[6] Benner, Jeff A. The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible. Virtualbookworm.com. 30 August 2005. ISBN 978-1-58939-776-7.

[7] About Us. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. （原始内容存档于27 January 2023）.

[8] Rescue and release: A herd of ibexes returned to nature. Israel Nature and Parks Authority. July 15, 2019 [7 January 2024]. （原始内容存档于7 January 2024）.

[9] Nubian Ibex. San Diego Zoo. [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-25）.

[10] Hamdan Alaly. Ibex in the Yemeni civilization: a historical symbolism being revived. Global Voices. 2022 [2024-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-25）.

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