小农

小农（英语：Smallholding、Smallholder、Small farm）指的是小规模的农业生产者。小农有许多不同的方式定义^[1]。小农的耕种范围通常较小，可能在2公顷左右^[2]。小农通常由一个家庭单位进行劳动，收入也供养一个家庭单位。但是家庭农场不一定是小农，因为家庭农场可能规模化经营^[2]。小农通常混合耕种粮食作物与经济作物。小农是前资本主义时代农业生产的主要形式。

有报告估计小农生产了全世界30%左右的粮食^[2]。

小规模农业常常与工业化农业关系紧张，工业化农业透过增加产量、单一耕作、在大型农业经营下整合土地和规模经济来提高效率。某些劳力密集经济作物，例如加纳或科特迪瓦的可可生产，严重依赖小农；截至 2008 年，全球 90% 的可可是由小农种植的。^[3]这些农民 60% 至 90% 的收入依赖可可。^[4]咖啡、棕榈油和香蕉等其他作物的供应链也有类似趋势。^[5]在其他市场，小规模农业可以增加粮食系统对小农户的投资，进而改善粮食安全。如今，一些公司试图将小农场纳入其价值链，提供种子、饲料或肥料来提高产量。^[6]

参看

参考

^ Khalil, Clara Aida; Conforti, Piero; Ergin, Ipek; Gennari, Pietro. Defining Small-Scale Food Producers to Monitor Target 2.3. of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (PDF) (报告). 联合国粮农组织. June 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-05）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Smallholders produce one-third of the world's food, less than half of what many headlines claim. Our World in Data. [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）.
^ How many smallholders are there worldwide producing cocoa? What proportion of cocoa worldwide is produced by smallholders?. International Cocoa Organization. 27 March 2012 [2020-10-17]. （原始内容存档于Oct 20, 2020）.
^ Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development. www.csis.org. 6 September 2012 [2020-11-30] （英语）.
^ Schneider, Kate; Gugerty, Mary Kay. Impact of Export-Driven Cash Crops on Smallholder Households (报告). Evans School Policy Analysis and Research. August 17, 2010.
^ Christina Gradl; et al. Promising agribusiness. dandc.eu. March 2013.

[:1-1] Khalil, Clara Aida; Conforti, Piero; Ergin, Ipek; Gennari, Pietro. Defining Small-Scale Food Producers to Monitor Target 2.3. of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (PDF) (报告). 联合国粮农组织. June 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-05）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Smallholders produce one-third of the world's food, less than half of what many headlines claim. Our World in Data. [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）.

[3] How many smallholders are there worldwide producing cocoa? What proportion of cocoa worldwide is produced by smallholders?. International Cocoa Organization. 27 March 2012 [2020-10-17]. （原始内容存档于Oct 20, 2020）.

[4] Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development. www.csis.org. 6 September 2012 [2020-11-30] （英语）.

[5] Schneider, Kate; Gugerty, Mary Kay. Impact of Export-Driven Cash Crops on Smallholder Households (报告). Evans School Policy Analysis and Research. August 17, 2010.

[6] Christina Gradl; et al. Promising agribusiness. dandc.eu. March 2013.

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