小農

小農（英語：Smallholding、Smallholder、Small farm）指的是小規模的農業生產者。小農有許多不同的方式定義^[1]。小農的耕種範圍通常較小，可能在2公頃左右^[2]。小農通常由一個家庭單位進行勞動，收入也供養一個家庭單位。但是家庭農場不一定是小農，因為家庭農場可能規模化經營^[2]。小農通常混合耕種糧食作物與經濟作物。小農是前資本主義時代農業生產的主要形式。

有報告估計小農生產了全世界30%左右的糧食^[2]。

小規模農業常常與工業化農業關係緊張，工業化農業透過增加產量、單一耕作、在大型農業經營下整合土地和規模經濟來提高效率。某些勞力密集經濟作物，例如加納或象牙海岸的可可生產，嚴重依賴小農；截至 2008 年，全球 90% 的可可是由小農種植的。^[3]這些農民 60% 至 90% 的收入依賴可可。^[4]咖啡、棕櫚油和香蕉等其他作物的供應鏈也有類似趨勢。^[5]在其他市場，小規模農業可以增加糧食系統對小農戶的投資，進而改善糧食安全。如今，一些公司試圖將小農場納入其價值鏈，提供種子、飼料或肥料來提高產量。^[6]

參看

參考

^ Khalil, Clara Aida; Conforti, Piero; Ergin, Ipek; Gennari, Pietro. Defining Small-Scale Food Producers to Monitor Target 2.3. of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (PDF) (報告). 聯合國糧農組織. June 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-01-05）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Smallholders produce one-third of the world's food, less than half of what many headlines claim. Our World in Data. [2023-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-25）.
^ How many smallholders are there worldwide producing cocoa? What proportion of cocoa worldwide is produced by smallholders?. International Cocoa Organization. 27 March 2012 [2020-10-17]. （原始內容存檔於Oct 20, 2020）.
^ Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development. www.csis.org. 6 September 2012 [2020-11-30] （英語）.
^ Schneider, Kate; Gugerty, Mary Kay. Impact of Export-Driven Cash Crops on Smallholder Households (報告). Evans School Policy Analysis and Research. August 17, 2010.
^ Christina Gradl; et al. Promising agribusiness. dandc.eu. March 2013.

[:1-1] Khalil, Clara Aida; Conforti, Piero; Ergin, Ipek; Gennari, Pietro. Defining Small-Scale Food Producers to Monitor Target 2.3. of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (PDF) (報告). 聯合國糧農組織. June 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-01-05）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Smallholders produce one-third of the world's food, less than half of what many headlines claim. Our World in Data. [2023-05-21]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-25）.

[3] How many smallholders are there worldwide producing cocoa? What proportion of cocoa worldwide is produced by smallholders?. International Cocoa Organization. 27 March 2012 [2020-10-17]. （原始內容存檔於Oct 20, 2020）.

[4] Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development. www.csis.org. 6 September 2012 [2020-11-30] （英語）.

[5] Schneider, Kate; Gugerty, Mary Kay. Impact of Export-Driven Cash Crops on Smallholder Households (報告). Evans School Policy Analysis and Research. August 17, 2010.

[6] Christina Gradl; et al. Promising agribusiness. dandc.eu. March 2013.

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