布拉什可氏线

布拉什可氏线（英语：Blaschko's lines），为根据皮肤的胚胎生长方向画出之假想线^[1]^[2]，正常的人体无法看到布拉什可氏线，但某些皮肤和黏膜疾病会沿此线生长，而导致背部出现V字型的条状病灶，胸部及侧面出现S字形的条状病灶，头部则出现波浪状病灶^[3]。布拉什可氏线是基因的镶嵌现象^[4]，不会出现在神经系统、肌肉系统或淋巴系统。在狗或猫身上也可以看到这类的线条^[5]^[6]。

1901年，德国皮肤科医师阿佛列·布拉什可（英语：Alfred Blaschko）于1901年首次提出了这个概念^[7]。

沿布拉什可氏线生长的疾病

一名三岁的女童，在布拉什可氏线上出现的色素失调症

在布拉什可氏线上的疾病有许多种。包括有遗传的、先天及后天的症状^[8]。以下是一些例子：

色素性疾病
- 缺色素型斑点（Naevus achromicus），也包括无色素性色素失禁症（hypomelanosis of Ito）
- 表皮痣（Epidermal Naevus）
  - 皮脂腺痣（英语：Nevus sebaceous）
  - 炎症性线状疣状表皮痣（英语：Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Nevus）
X染色体关联性皮肤病
- 色素失调症（Incontinentia pigmenti）
- CHILD症候群（英语：CHILD syndrome）
- XLPDR症候群（英语：X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder）
后天发炎性疾病
- 线状苔藓（英语：Lichen striatus）
- 扁平苔藓（lichen planus）
- 红斑性狼疮（lupus erythematosus）
- 嵌合体

参见

参考文献

^ Harper, John. Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. : 691. ISBN 0-86542-939-1. ^{[失效链接]}
^ Ruggieri, Martino. Neurocutaneous Disorders: Phakomatoses & Hamartoneoplastic Syndromes. Springer. 2008: 569. ISBN 978-3-211-21396-4.
^ Brown, Philip M. Transcription. CRC Press. 2002: 38 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-415-27200-1. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.
^ Roach, Ewell S. Neurocutaneous Disorders. Cambridge University Press. 2004: 98 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-521-78153-4. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.
^ Muller, George & Kirk, Robert. Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2001: 9 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-7216-7618-0. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.
^ Gross, Thelma Lee. Veterinary Dermatopathology. Wiley-Blackwell. 2004: 156 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-632-06452-6. （原始内容存档于2016-12-23）.
^ Blaschko, Alfred. Die Nervenverteilung in der Haut in ihre Beziehung zu den Erkrankungen der Haut [The distribution of nerves in the skin in their relation to diseases of the skin]. Vienna, Austria & Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Braumüller. 1901 （德语）. From p. 41: "Ganz ohne meinen Willen … das ich Ihnen bieten kann." (Quite without my intending it, these stripe-form naevi [i.e., skin lesions] and dermatoses have become the main object of my work: in part this is perhaps because much material was collected especially about this disorder. I don't want to repeat myself, but I would like to refer you, above all, to Plate XVI [on p. 93], [figures] 1 and 2, the diagram of naevus lines, which, if I may say so, represent the quintessence of my work and perhaps is the one essentially new [thing] that I can offer you.) See also p. 15.
^ Bolognia JL, Orlow SJ, Glick SA. Lines of Blaschko. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1994, 31 (2): 157–190. PMID 8040398. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70143-1.

外部链接

Blaschko’s lines. www.pcds.org.uk. [2019-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
Humans Have Stripes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Picture of the Blaschko's lines
Illustrations of the various patterns of cutaneous mosaicism
Understanding Genetics - ask a geneticist
Description of Blaschko's lines （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Harper, John. Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. : 691. ISBN 0-86542-939-1. ^{[失效链接]}

[2] Ruggieri, Martino. Neurocutaneous Disorders: Phakomatoses & Hamartoneoplastic Syndromes. Springer. 2008: 569. ISBN 978-3-211-21396-4.

[3] Brown, Philip M. Transcription. CRC Press. 2002: 38 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-415-27200-1. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.

[4] Roach, Ewell S. Neurocutaneous Disorders. Cambridge University Press. 2004: 98 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-521-78153-4. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.

[5] Muller, George & Kirk, Robert. Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2001: 9 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-7216-7618-0. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.

[6] Gross, Thelma Lee. Veterinary Dermatopathology. Wiley-Blackwell. 2004: 156 [2019-01-24]. ISBN 978-0-632-06452-6. （原始内容存档于2016-12-23）.

[7] Blaschko, Alfred. Die Nervenverteilung in der Haut in ihre Beziehung zu den Erkrankungen der Haut [The distribution of nerves in the skin in their relation to diseases of the skin]. Vienna, Austria & Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Braumüller. 1901 （德语）. From p. 41: "Ganz ohne meinen Willen … das ich Ihnen bieten kann." (Quite without my intending it, these stripe-form naevi [i.e., skin lesions] and dermatoses have become the main object of my work: in part this is perhaps because much material was collected especially about this disorder. I don't want to repeat myself, but I would like to refer you, above all, to Plate XVI [on p. 93], [figures] 1 and 2, the diagram of naevus lines, which, if I may say so, represent the quintessence of my work and perhaps is the one essentially new [thing] that I can offer you.) See also p. 15.

[8] Bolognia JL, Orlow SJ, Glick SA. Lines of Blaschko. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1994, 31 (2): 157–190. PMID 8040398. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70143-1.

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