斯帕夫诉美国案

斯帕夫诉美国案
(Sparf v. United States)
斯帕夫诉美国案; (Sparf v. United States)
	美国最高法院
提出:1894March 5; 判决：1895January 21
案件全名	Sparf and Hansen v. United States
引注案号	156 U.S. 51 15 S. Ct. 273; 39 L. Ed. 343; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2120
既往案件	Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of California
法庭判决
	If one of two people who have committed murder makes a voluntary confession in front of the other, that confession is admissible against both, however not without the other person witnessing it. A jury must apply the law based on the facts of a case.; A court may not direct the jury to return a guilty verdict.; A jury may convict someone of a lesser crime provided the elements of that crime are included in the original offense.; A court may instruct the jury to consider guilt only the alleged offenses, in the case of a person accused of murder, rather than any lesser offenses.; Juries do not have the right to dispute the law, however this does not prevent them from doing so.; ;
法庭意见
多数意见	Harlan; 联名：Fuller, Field, Jackson, White
协同意见	Jackson
不同意见	Brewer; 联名：Brown
不同意见	Gray; 联名：Shiras
	本案推翻了先前的一项或多项判决
	United States v. Susan B. Anthony (1873)

斯帕夫诉美国案（Sparf v. United States, 156 US 51 (1895), or Sparf and Hansen v. United States^[1]）是美国最高法院的案件，考验被控犯有同一罪行的多名被告供述的可采性，以及陪审团的职责。

背景

1884年1月13日晚上，在前往大溪地岛的航行中，"赫斯珀号"(Hesper)轮船的二副、名叫"莫里斯·菲茨杰拉德"(Maurice Fitzgerald)的男子被发现失踪。船员们相信菲茨杰拉德已经被杀，而他的尸体已被扔到了海里。船长"索德格伦"(Sodergren)怀疑三名船员，即船员"圣克莱尔"(St. Clair)、"汉森"(Hansen)以及"斯帕夫"(Sparf)均参与了谋杀。索德格伦一直将三名嫌疑人关押，直到他们抵达大溪地岛，在那里他们被美国驻大溪地岛领事带上岸，随后与其他人一起乘坐"热带鸟号"(Tropic Bird)轮船被送往旧金山。^[1]在那里，他们三人因谋杀"菲茨杰拉德"一案受审并被定罪。

判决

法院于1895年1月21日以5票对4票作出判决，哈兰(Harlan)大法官给出了多数意见。

注释

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 (1895).

参阅

陪审团否决权（英语：Jury nullification）
美国诉E.C.奈特公司案（英语：United States v. E. C. Knight Co.）
柯分诉美国案（英语：Coffin v. United States）
美国诉托马斯案 (1997)（英语：United States v. Thomas (1997)）
美国诉多尔蒂案（英语：United States v. Dougherty）
斯泰蒂纽斯诉美国案（英语：Stettinius v. United States）
罗伯特·威廉·拉蒂默诉女王陛下案（英语：R v Latimer）
乔治亚诉布莱尔斯福德案 (1794)（英语：Georgia v. Brailsford (1794)）
蒙哥马利第一国民银行诉戴利案（英语：First National Bank of Montgomery v. Daly）
美国公民规则手册（英语：Citizens Rule Book）

外部链接

维基文库中的相关文献：斯帕夫诉美国案
Sparf v. United States, 156（英语：List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 156） U.S. 51 (1895)的文本可参见：Justia · Findlaw

[Sparf-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 (1895).

[1]

斯帕夫诉美国案 (Sparf v. United States)
美国最高法院
提出:1894March 5 判决：1895January 21
案件全名	Sparf and Hansen v. United States
引注案号	156 U.S. 51 15 S. Ct. 273; 39 L. Ed. 343; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2120
既往案件	Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of California
法庭判决
If one of two people who have committed murder makes a voluntary confession in front of the other, that confession is admissible against both, however not without the other person witnessing it. A jury must apply the law based on the facts of a case. A court may not direct the jury to return a guilty verdict. A jury may convict someone of a lesser crime provided the elements of that crime are included in the original offense. A court may instruct the jury to consider guilt only the alleged offenses, in the case of a person accused of murder, rather than any lesser offenses. Juries do not have the right to dispute the law, however this does not prevent them from doing so.
法庭意见
多数意见	Harlan 联名：Fuller, Field, Jackson, White
协同意见	Jackson
不同意见	Brewer 联名：Brown
不同意见	Gray 联名：Shiras
本案推翻了先前的一项或多项判决
United States v. Susan B. Anthony (1873)