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比奇角海战

比奇角海战（英语：Battle of Beachy Head，又称Battle of Bévéziers，法语：Bataille du cap Béveziers）发生于1690年7月10日，是大同盟战争中的一场海战。此战役法国海军击败了英荷联合舰队，取得重大的战术胜利。[2]荷兰海军损失将近六艘战列舰和一些船只，英国也损失一艘，而法国没有船损失。战后英吉利海峡的制海权暂时落入法国手中，但法国海军将领图尔维尔未能趁胜追击，导致联军舰队得以逃回泰晤士河。 图尔维尔因为追击不力而饱受批评，之后被解除指挥权；英国海军上将托林顿伯爵则因为败战而受到军事法庭审判，虽然最后无罪释放，但国王威廉三世解除了他的职位。

比奇角海战
大同盟战争的一部分
日期1690年7月10日[1]
地点
英吉利海峡比奇角
50°44′15″N 0°14′52″E / 50.73743°N 0.24768°E / 50.73743; 0.24768
结果 法国胜利[2]
参战方
 法国  英格兰
 荷兰共和国
指挥官与领导者
法兰西王国 图尔维尔
法兰西王国 雷诺堡侯爵
法兰西王国 德埃斯特雷		 英格兰王国 托林顿伯爵
荷兰共和国 康诺里·艾弗斯顿
英格兰王国 拉尔夫·德拉瓦
兵力
法方记载75艘船[3] 56艘船[4]
伤亡与损失
没有船舰损失 7～15艘船[5]

比奇角海战之后，伦敦流传一段嘲讽的顺口溜：“荷兰人保全了面子，法国人取得了优势，而英国人只得到耻辱。”英吉利海峡的控制权一度落入法国海军手上，但四个月后又回到海上对峙的局面；等到1692年的拉和岬海战，扩建的英荷舰队才打败法国海军，取得制海权的优势。

注脚 编辑

  1. ^ All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1690 differed by ten days. Thus, the battle of Beachy Head was fought on 10 July (Gregorian calendar) or 20 June (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to annotate Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article Old Style and New Style dates for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Lynn: The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714, p. 83
  3. ^ listed in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786, p.30 (the total of 75 includes 5 ships not in the line of battle, but excludes 18 fireships); also 75 ships according to N.A.M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 145: Dupuy also puts the French strength at 75, Lynn states a strength of 77 (with 23 fireships): Aubrey states 76 (with 18 fireships).
  4. ^ listed in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786, p.30; also N.A.M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 145: Lynn puts Allied strength at 57. Dupuy 59; Aubrey 55.
  5. ^ Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 146: 1 captured and 2 sunk during the battle; another 8 later burnt by the Allies to avoid capture. Aubrey states 15 in total; Dupuy states 12 ships lost. Warnsinck states 7 Dutch ships lost while Lynn states 6 ships lost with only 1 Dutch ship sunk during the battle.

参考资料 编辑

  • Aubrey, Philip (1979). The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692. Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1168-9
  • Chandler, David G (2003). Marlborough as Military Commander. Spellmount Ltd. ISBN 1-86227-195-X
  • Churchill, Winston (2002). A History of the English-Speaking Peoples: Age of Revolution. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-36393-6
  • Dupuy, R. E & Dupuy, T. N (1995). The Collins Encyclopaedia of Military History 4th ed. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-270056-1
  • Guizot, Francois P. G. A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times, Volume V. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Lynn, John A (2002). The French wars 1667–1714: The Sun King at War. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-361-6
  • Lynn, John A (1999). The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714. Longman. ISBN 0-582-05629-2
  • Macauley, Thomas. The History Of England: Volume 3. [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Mahan, Alfred Thayer. The Influence of Sea Power on History, 1660–1783. [3]
  • Rodger, N.A.M. (2006). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-102690-1
  • Warnsinck, JCM. De vloot van den Konig-Stadhouder 1689-1690 (1934).
  • Winfield, Rif, and Roberts, Stephen S (2017). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786. ISBN 978-1-4738-9351-1
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=比奇角海戰&oldid=76584572”