比奇角海戰

比奇角海戰
	大同盟戰爭的一部分
日期	1690年7月10日
地點	英吉利海峽比奇角; 50°44′15″N 0°14′52″E / 50.73743°N 0.24768°E
結果	法國勝利
參戰方
法國	英格蘭; 荷蘭共和國
指揮官與領導者
圖爾維爾; 雷諾堡侯爵; 德埃斯特雷	托林頓伯爵; 康諾里·艾弗斯頓; 拉爾夫·德拉瓦
兵力
法方記載75艘船	56艘船
傷亡與損失
沒有船艦損失	7～15艘船

比奇角海戰（英語：Battle of Beachy Head，又稱Battle of Bévéziers，法語：Bataille du cap Béveziers）發生於1690年7月10日，是大同盟戰爭中的一場海戰。此戰役法國海軍擊敗了英荷聯合艦隊，取得重大的戰術勝利。^[2]荷蘭海軍損失將近六艘戰列艦和一些船隻，英國也損失一艘，而法國沒有船損失。戰後英吉利海峽的制海權暫時落入法國手中，但法國海軍將領圖爾維爾未能趁勝追擊，導致聯軍艦隊得以逃回泰晤士河。圖爾維爾因為追擊不力而飽受批評，之後被解除指揮權；英國海軍上將托林頓伯爵則因為敗戰而受到軍事法庭審判，雖然最後無罪釋放，但國王威廉三世解除了他的職位。

比奇角海戰之後，倫敦流傳一段嘲諷的順口溜：「荷蘭人保全了面子，法國人取得了優勢，而英國人只得到恥辱。」英吉利海峽的控制權一度落入法國海軍手上，但四個月後又回到海上對峙的局面；等到1692年的拉和岬海戰，擴建的英荷艦隊才打敗法國海軍，取得制海權的優勢。

註腳

^ All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1690 differed by ten days. Thus, the battle of Beachy Head was fought on 10 July (Gregorian calendar) or 20 June (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to annotate Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article Old Style and New Style dates for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Lynn: The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714, p. 83
^ listed in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786, p.30 (the total of 75 includes 5 ships not in the line of battle, but excludes 18 fireships); also 75 ships according to N.A.M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 145: Dupuy also puts the French strength at 75, Lynn states a strength of 77 (with 23 fireships): Aubrey states 76 (with 18 fireships).
^ listed in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786, p.30; also N.A.M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 145: Lynn puts Allied strength at 57. Dupuy 59; Aubrey 55.
^ Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 146: 1 captured and 2 sunk during the battle; another 8 later burnt by the Allies to avoid capture. Aubrey states 15 in total; Dupuy states 12 ships lost. Warnsinck states 7 Dutch ships lost while Lynn states 6 ships lost with only 1 Dutch ship sunk during the battle.

參考資料

Aubrey, Philip (1979). The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692. Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1168-9
Chandler, David G (2003). Marlborough as Military Commander. Spellmount Ltd. ISBN 1-86227-195-X
Churchill, Winston (2002). A History of the English-Speaking Peoples: Age of Revolution. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-36393-6
Dupuy, R. E & Dupuy, T. N (1995). The Collins Encyclopaedia of Military History 4th ed. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-270056-1
Guizot, Francois P. G. A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times, Volume V. [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Lynn, John A (2002). The French wars 1667–1714: The Sun King at War. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-361-6
Lynn, John A (1999). The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714. Longman. ISBN 0-582-05629-2
Macauley, Thomas. The History Of England: Volume 3. [2] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Mahan, Alfred Thayer. The Influence of Sea Power on History, 1660–1783. [3]
Rodger, N.A.M. (2006). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, Penguin Group. ISBN 0-14-102690-1
Warnsinck, JCM. De vloot van den Konig-Stadhouder 1689-1690 (1934).
Winfield, Rif, and Roberts, Stephen S (2017). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786. ISBN 978-1-4738-9351-1

[1] All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1690 differed by ten days. Thus, the battle of Beachy Head was fought on 10 July (Gregorian calendar) or 20 June (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to annotate Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article Old Style and New Style dates for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.

[Lynn_1714,_p._83-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Lynn: The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714, p. 83

[3] sted in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786, p.30 (the total of 75 includes 5 ships not in the line of battle, but excludes 18 fireships); also 75 ships according to N.A.M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 145: Dupuy also puts the French strength at 75, Lynn states a strength of 77 (with 23 fireships): Aubrey states 76 (with 18 fireships).

[4] sted in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786, p.30; also N.A.M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 145: Lynn puts Allied strength at 57. Dupuy 59; Aubrey 55.

[5] Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, p. 146: 1 captured and 2 sunk during the battle; another 8 later burnt by the Allies to avoid capture. Aubrey states 15 in total; Dupuy states 12 ships lost. Warnsinck states 7 Dutch ships lost while Lynn states 6 ships lost with only 1 Dutch ship sunk during the battle.

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