沙乐琴

印度乐器

沙乐琴(Sarod, 孟加拉语সরোদ shorod, Hindi:सरोद),又译作萨罗德,是除了锡塔琴以外,在北印度古典音乐最流行的乐器。比锡塔琴体型略小,沙乐琴的声音比较低沉和内敛。由于没有(frets),方便大幅度的滑音。共有四至五条演奏用的弦,另有两条持续低音的弦(chikari strings),和九至十一条共鸣弦,指板多以不锈钢制造,共鸣箱蒙以羊皮。右手以木制的拨来拨弦,而左手按弦时多用指甲尖,方便滑音,也令乐器的音色略带金属声。[1]

沙乐琴
椰子壳制的拨

历史

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沙乐琴的名字源于波斯语,意思是漂亮的声音或旋律,可能起源于今日阿富汗的地区,最初被称为低音 rubab。[2]

著名演奏家

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早期的开拓者

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  • Abdullah Khan (1849–1928), Court Musician of Darbhanga and Dacca
  • Asadullah Khan "Kaukav" (1852–1919)
  • Fida Hussain Khan (1855–1927), Court Musician of Rampur
  • Ghulam Ali Bangash (c. 1790-1858), Court Musician of Gwalior
  • Karamatullah Khan (1848–1933), Court Musician of Nepal
  • Mohammad Amir Khan (1873–1934), Court Musician of Darbhanga and Rajshahi
  • Murad Ali Khan (c. 1825-1905), Court Musician of Gwalior and Darbhanga
  • Niyamatullah Khan (1809–1911), Court Musician of Bundi, Alwar and finally Lucknow
  • Shafayat Ali Khan (1838–1915)[3]

二十世纪演奏家

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Allauddin Khan
  • Ali Akbar Khan (1922–2009)
  • Allauddin Khan (1862–1972)
  • Aashish Khan (b. 1939)
  • Amjad Ali Khan (b. 1945)
  • Bahadur Khan (1931-1989)
  • Buddhadev Das Gupta (b. 1933)
  • Hafiz Ali Khan (1888–1972)
  • Sakhawat Hussain (1877–1955)
  • Sharan Rani Backliwal (1929–2008)
  • Radhika Mohan Maitra (1917–1981)
  • Vasant Rai (1942–1985)

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Broughton, Simon. Tools of the Trade: Sarod. [2006-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2006-11-18). 
  2. ^ Courtney, David. Sarod. David and Chandrakantha Courtney. [2006-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2006-12-06). 
  3. ^ Tamori, Masakazu. The Transformation of Sarod Gharānā:Transmitting Musical Property in Hindustani Music (PDF). Senrii Ethnological Studies 71: Music and Society in South Asia. [2009-08-03]. ISBN 978-4-901906-58-6. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22).