激励

激励（Incentive）是指一件可以驱使一个人做某件事或以某种方式行事的东西。^[1]有两种激励会影响人们的决策，分别是内在激励和外在激励。内在激励是指那些可以驱使一个人出于自身利益或欲望做某件事的激励，并且内在激励没有任何外部的压力或承诺的奖励，例如自己要学习一门新语言以便能够与外国人交谈或者自己想学习绘画享受艺术，这当中没有任何外部因素干涉。外在激励则是由外部的奖励所驱动做某事，例如员工为能顺利获得公司允诺的奖金而努力实现公司的目标，或为避免受到纪律处分、批评、扣发工资、开除、拒绝续签劳动合同等惩罚而努力工作和按时上班。 ^[1]^[2]许多公司看重外在激励，也会相应管理员工激励机制，如薪酬管理和绩效评估。 ^[3]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Armstrong, Michael. Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice: improving performance through reward 5th. London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page. 2015 [2005]. ISBN 9780749473891. OCLC 910859327.
^ Krugman, Paul. Understanding Incentives in Economics: 5 Common Types of Economic Incentives. MasterClass. 2 October 2020 [18 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.
^ Lazear, Edward. P; Shaw, Kathryn. L. Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2007, 21 (4): 91–114 [2021-09-03]. doi:10.1257/jep.21.4.91. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-12）.

[:1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Armstrong, Michael. Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice: improving performance through reward 5th. London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page. 2015 [2005]. ISBN 9780749473891. OCLC 910859327.

[:0-2] Krugman, Paul. Understanding Incentives in Economics: 5 Common Types of Economic Incentives. MasterClass. 2 October 2020 [18 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.

[:4-3] Lazear, Edward. P; Shaw, Kathryn. L. Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2007, 21 (4): 91–114 [2021-09-03]. doi:10.1257/jep.21.4.91. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-12）.

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