激勵

激勵（Incentive）是指一件可以驅使一個人做某件事或以某種方式行事的東西。^[1]有兩種激勵會影響人們的決策，分別是內在激勵和外在激勵。內在激勵是指那些可以驅使一個人出於自身利益或欲望做某件事的激勵，並且內在激勵沒有任何外部的壓力或承諾的獎勵，例如自己要學習一門新語言以便能夠與外國人交談或者自己想學習繪畫享受藝術，這當中沒有任何外部因素干涉。外在激勵則是由外部的獎勵所驅動做某事，例如員工為能順利獲得公司允諾的獎金而努力實現公司的目標，或為避免受到紀律處分、批評、扣發工資、開除、拒絕續簽勞動合同等懲罰而努力工作和按時上班。 ^[1]^[2]許多公司看重外在激勵，也會相應管理員工激勵機制，如薪酬管理和績效評估。 ^[3]

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Armstrong, Michael. Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice: improving performance through reward 5th. London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page. 2015 [2005]. ISBN 9780749473891. OCLC 910859327.
^ Krugman, Paul. Understanding Incentives in Economics: 5 Common Types of Economic Incentives. MasterClass. 2 October 2020 [18 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-02）.
^ Lazear, Edward. P; Shaw, Kathryn. L. Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2007, 21 (4): 91–114 [2021-09-03]. doi:10.1257/jep.21.4.91. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-07-12）.

[:1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Armstrong, Michael. Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice: improving performance through reward 5th. London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page. 2015 [2005]. ISBN 9780749473891. OCLC 910859327.

[:0-2] Krugman, Paul. Understanding Incentives in Economics: 5 Common Types of Economic Incentives. MasterClass. 2 October 2020 [18 October 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-02）.

[:4-3] Lazear, Edward. P; Shaw, Kathryn. L. Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources (PDF). Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2007, 21 (4): 91–114 [2021-09-03]. doi:10.1257/jep.21.4.91. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-07-12）.

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