火蚁属

火蚁属
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
亚科：	家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae
族：	火蚁族 Solenopsidini
属：	火蚁属 Solenopsis; Westwood, 1840
模式种
	Solenopsis mandibularis (Solenopsis geminata 的同物异名); Westwood, 1840
多样性
	380 种

火蚁属（Solenopsis）又称为火家蚁属，隶属于蚁科家蚁亚科，大约有380个物种^[1]，其中最知名的为入侵红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta），其腹部末端带有螫针，动物被螫伤后毒素会进入体内，严重的情况下会因全身性过敏而休克，甚至导致死亡。“火蚁”（Fire Ants）俗名是在描述被其螫刺后如火灼伤般疼痛感，有些情况会出现如灼伤般的水泡，值得注意的是，Solenopsis是一个组成复杂的属，其生态行为也多样，因此，“火蚁”（Fire Ants）的俗名适用于那些较具侵略性的物种。

火蚁属是一个组成复杂、庞大且难以分类的属，大部分的物种体型微小、具单形性(monomorphic)、且生活在土壤之下，这些体型微小的物种有些被称作为“贼蚁”(thief ants)，贼蚁生活在其他体型较大的白蚁或蚂蚁的巢中。有些新世界的物种体型较大且为多形性(polymorphic)，他们的群落大小可以达到相当大的规模，且工蚁为极具侵略性的表层掠食者，这些物种也就是俗称的“火蚁”(fire ants)^[2]。

种系发生

火蚁属

Solenopsis geminata 热带火蚁（：热带火蚁）

Solenopsis daguerrei

	Solenopsis quinquecupsis 无刺火蚁

	Solenopsis macdonaghi 麦氏火蚁

Solenopsis megergates 巨工火蚁

Solenopsis invicta 入侵红火蚁

Solenopsis richteri 入侵黑火蚁

Solenopsis interrupta 截火蚁

	Solenopsis altipunctata

	Solenopsis weyrauchi 韦罗奇火蚁

Solenopsis saevissima 残暴火蚁（：残暴火蚁）

Solenopsis pythia 皮媞亚火蚁

	Solenopsis electra 琥珀火蚁

	Solenopsis pusillignis 弱火火蚁

本属包括以下物种：

Solenopsis abdita Thompson, 1989
Solenopsis africana Santschi, 1914
Solenopsis albidula Emery, 1906
Solenopsis alecto Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis alena Özdikmen, 2010
Solenopsis altinodis Forel, 1912
Solenopsis amblychila Wheeler, 1915
Solenopsis andina Santschi, 1923
Solenopsis angulata Emery, 1894
Solenopsis atavinus Perfilieva et al., 2017
Solenopsis atlantis Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis aurea Wheeler, 1906
Solenopsis avia (Bernard, 1978)
Solenopsis azteca Forel, 1893
Solenopsis bacchettae Brullo, C.Brullo, Tavilla, Siracusa & Cambria, 2022^[3]
Solenopsis bakri Sharaf
Solenopsis balachowskyi Bernard, 1959
Solenopsis banyulensis Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis basalis Forel, 1896
Solenopsis belisarius Forel, 1907
Solenopsis blanda (Foerster, 1891)
Solenopsis brasiliana Santschi, 1925
Solenopsis brazoensis (Buckley, 1867)
Solenopsis brevicornis Emery, 1888
Solenopsis brevipes Emery, 1906
Solenopsis bruchi
Solenopsis bruchiella Emery, 1922
Solenopsis bruesi Creighton, 1930
Solenopsis bucki Kempf, 1973
Solenopsis canariensis Forel, 1893
Solenopsis capensis Mayr, 1866
Solenopsis carolinensis Forel, 1901
Solenopsis castor Forel, 1893
Solenopsis celata (Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985)
Solenopsis clarki Crawley, 1922
Solenopsis cleptomana
Solenopsis clytemnestra Emery, 1896
Solenopsis conjurata Wheeler, 1925
Solenopsis cooperi Donisthorpe, 1947
Solenopsis corticalis Forel, 1881
Solenopsis crivellarii Menozzi, 1936
Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi, 1930)
Solenopsis dalli (Kusnezov, 1969)
Solenopsis debilior Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis decipiens Emery, 1906
Solenopsis delta (Bernard, 1978)
Solenopsis deserticola Ruzsky, 1905
Solenopsis duboscqui Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis dysderces Snelling, 1975
Solenopsis egregia (Kusnezov, 1953)
Solenopsis electra Forel, 1914
Solenopsis elhawagryi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012
Solenopsis emeryi Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis exigua
Solenopsis eximia (Kusnezov, 1953)
Solenopsis fairchildi Wheeler, 1926
Solenopsis foersteri Theobald, 1937
Solenopsis franki Forel, 1908
Solenopsis froggatti Forel, 1913
Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798)
Solenopsis fusciventris Clark, 1934
Solenopsis gallardoi Santschi, 1925
Solenopsis gallica Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis gayi (Spinola, 1851)
Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804)
Solenopsis georgica Menozzi, 1942
Solenopsis germaini Emery, 1895
Solenopsis globularia (Smith, 1858)
Solenopsis gnomula Emery, 1915
Solenopsis goeldii Forel, 1912
Solenopsis granivora Kusnezov, 1957
Solenopsis hammari Mayr, 1903
Solenopsis hayemi Forel, 1908
Solenopsis helena Emery, 1895
Solenopsis hostilis (Borgmeier, 1959)
Solenopsis iheringi Forel, 1908
Solenopsis ilinei Santschi, 1936
Solenopsis indagatrix Wheeler, 1928
Solenopsis indet
Solenopsis insculpta Clark, 1938
Solenopsis insinuans Santschi, 1933
Solenopsis insularis (Bernard, 1978)
Solenopsis interrupta Santschi, 1916
入侵红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972
Solenopsis jacoti Wheeler, 1923
Solenopsis jalalabadica Pisarski, 1970
Solenopsis japonica Wheeler, 1928
Solenopsis joergenseni Santschi, 1919
Solenopsis juliae (Arakelian, 1991)
Solenopsis kabylica Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis knuti Pisarski, 1967
Solenopsis kochi Finzi Stat.
Solenopsis krockowi Wheeler, 1908
Solenopsis laboriosa
Solenopsis laeviceps Mayr, 1870
Solenopsis laevithorax Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis latastei Emery, 1895
Solenopsis latro Forel, 1894
Solenopsis leptanilloides Santschi, 1925
Solenopsis longiceps Forel, 1907
Solenopsis loretana Santschi, 1936
Solenopsis lotophaga Santschi, 1911
Solenopsis lou Forel, 1902
Solenopsis lusitanica Emery, 1915
Solenopsis macdonaghi Santschi, 1916
Solenopsis macrops Santschi, 1917
Solenopsis madara Roger, 1863
Solenopsis major Theobald, 1937
Solenopsis maligna Santschi, 1910
Solenopsis mameti Donisthorpe, 1946
Solenopsis marxi Forel, 1915
Solenopsis maxillosa Emery, 1900
Solenopsis maxima (Foerster, 1891)
Solenopsis medioclara Santschi
Solenopsis megera Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis megergates Trager, 1991
Solenopsis metanotalis Emery, 1896
Solenopsis metatarsalis (Kusnezov, 1957)
Solenopsis minutissima Emery, 1906
Solenopsis moesta (Foerster, 1891)
Solenopsis molesta (Say, 1836)
Solenopsis monticola Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis mozabensis (Bernard, 1977)
Solenopsis nicaeensis Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis nickersoni Thompson, 1982
Solenopsis nigella Emery, 1888
Solenopsis nitens Bingham, 1903
Solenopsis nitidum (Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994)
Solenopsis normandi Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis novemmaculata Wheeler, 1925
Solenopsis occipitalis Santschi, 1911
Solenopsis oculata Santschi, 1925
Solenopsis omana Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Solenopsis oraniensis Forel, 1894
Solenopsis orbula Emery, 1875
Solenopsis orbuloides Andre, 1890
Solenopsis overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916
Solenopsis pachycera (Forel, 1915)
Solenopsis papuana Emery, 1900
Solenopsis parabiotica Weber, 1943
Solenopsis parva Mayr, 1868
Solenopsis patagonica Emery, 1906
Solenopsis pawaensis Mann, 1919
Solenopsis pergandei Forel, 1901
Solenopsis photophila Santschi, 1923
Solenopsis picea Emery, 1896
Solenopsis picquarti Forel, 1899
Solenopsis picta Emery, 1895
Solenopsis pilosa (Bernard, 1978)
Solenopsis pilosula Wheeler, 1908
Solenopsis pollux Forel, 1893
Solenopsis privata (Foerster, 1891)
Solenopsis provincialis Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis punctaticeps Mayr, 1865
Solenopsis puncticeps MacKay & Vinson, 1989
Solenopsis pusillignis Trager, 1991
Solenopsis pygmaea Forel, 1901
Solenopsis pylades Forel
Solenopsis pythia Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel, 1913
Solenopsis reichenspergeri Santschi, 1923
Solenopsis richardi Bernard, 1950
入侵黑火蚁 Solenopsis richteri Forel, 1909
Solenopsis robusta Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis rugiceps Mayr, 1870
Solenopsis rugosa Bernard, 1950
Solenopsis sabeana (Buckley, 1867)
Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855)
Solenopsis salina Wheeler, 1908
Solenopsis santschii Forel, 1905
Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011
Solenopsis scelesta Forel
Solenopsis schilleri Santschi, 1923
Solenopsis schmalzi Forel, 1901
Solenopsis scipio Santschi, 1911
Solenopsis sea (Kusnezov, 1953)
Solenopsis seychellensis Forel, 1909
Solenopsis shiptoni Santschi
Solenopsis silvestrii Emery, 1906
Solenopsis similis
Solenopsis solenopsidis (Kusnezov, 1953)
Solenopsis soochowensis Wheeler, 1921
Solenopsis spei Forel, 1912
Solenopsis steigeri Santschi
Solenopsis stricta Emery, 1896
Solenopsis substituta Santschi, 1925
Solenopsis subterranea MacKay & Vinson, 1989
Solenopsis subtilis Emery, 1896
Solenopsis succinea Emery, 1890
Solenopsis sulfurea (Roger, 1862)
Solenopsis superba (Foerster, 1891)
Solenopsis targuia Bernard, 1953
Solenopsis tennesseensis Smith, 1951
Solenopsis tenuis Mayr, 1878
Solenopsis terricola Menozzi, 1931
Solenopsis tertialis Ettershank, 1966
Solenopsis tetracantha Emery, 1906
Solenopsis texana Emery, 1895
Solenopsis tipuna Forel, 1912
Solenopsis tonsa Thompson, 1989
Solenopsis transversalis
Solenopsis tridens Forel, 1911
Solenopsis trihasta Santschi, 1923
Solenopsis truncorum Forel, 1901
Solenopsis ugandensis Santschi, 1933
Solenopsis valida (Foerster, 1891)
Solenopsis vinsoni Pacheco & Mackay, 2013
Solenopsis virulens (Smith, 1858)
Solenopsis vorax Santschi, 1934
Solenopsis wasmannii Emery, 1894
Solenopsis weiseri Forel, 1914
Solenopsis westwoodi Forel, 1894
Solenopsis weyrauchi Trager, 1991
Solenopsis wolfi Emery, 1915
Solenopsis xyloni McCook, 1879
Solenopsis zambesiae Arnold, 1926
Solenopsis zeteki Wheeler, 1942

参考文献

^ AntWeb. Genus: Solenopsis Westwood, 1840. [2019-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.
^ Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1986.
^ Salvatore Brullo, Cristian Brullo, Gianmarco Tavilla, Giuseppe Siracusa and Salvatore Cambria. 2022. Solenopsis bacchettae (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), A New Species from Sardinia. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.03773

[1] AntWeb. Genus: Solenopsis Westwood, 1840. [2019-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.

[2] Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1986.

[3] Salvatore Brullo, Cristian Brullo, Gianmarco Tavilla, Giuseppe Siracusa and Salvatore Cambria. 2022. Solenopsis bacchettae (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), A New Species from Sardinia. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.03773

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