家蚁亚科
膜翅目蚁科昆虫的一个亚科
家蚁亚科（Myrmicinae）隶属于蚁科，现生约140属[1]，世界广布，蛹不结茧，有些物种具螫针，腹柄节两节，筑巢于土中、枯木中、石头下或活树中[2]。
家蚁亚科 化石时期：
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|---|---|
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| Atta cephalotes | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蚁科 Formicidae |
| 亚科： | 家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 |
| 模式属 | |
| Myrmica Latreiile, 1804
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| 多样性[1] | |
| 142 genera | |
特征 编辑
家蚁亚科的物种生有明显的后腹柄节，也就是第三腹节明显小于第四腹节，且两者之间具有明显的隘缩；前胸背板无法自由伸展，与中躯愈合，也就是前中胸背板缝线浅，或是完全消失；通常具有螫针；头楯发达，因此两触角窝不相连；家蚁亚科大部分物种复眼功能完整，面叶（frontal lobes）发达，盖住部分的触角根（antennal insertion）[3]。
族 编辑
2014年时从原本的20族减少为6族[4]：
属 编辑
2014年时，家蚁亚科下大量的属被移动到不同的族或是其他亚科，以下为2014年更新后的版本[1][4]：
- 切叶蚁族 Attini Smith, 1858
- 刺颚家蚁属 Acanthognathus Mayr, 1887
- 拟切叶家蚁属 Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Allomerus Mayr, 1878
- Apterostigma Mayr, 1865
- 切叶家蚁属 Atta Fabricius, 1804
- †Attaichnus Laza, 1982
- 钝角家蚁属 Basiceros Schulz, 1906
- Blepharidatta Wheeler, 1915
- Cephalotes Latreille, 1802
- Chimaeridris Wilson, 1989
- Colobostruma Wheeler, 1927
- Cyatta Sosa-Calvo et al., 2013
- Cyphomyrmex Mayr, 1862
- 针刺家蚁属 Daceton Perty, 1833
- Diaphoromyrma Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento, 2009
- Epopostruma Forel, 1895
- 斜毛家蚁属 Eurhopalothrix Brown & Kempf, 1961
- Ishakidris Bolton, 1984
- Kalathomyrmex Klingenberg & Brandão, 2009
- Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- Lenomyrmex Fernández & Palacio, 1999
- Mesostruma Brown, 1948
- Microdaceton Santschi, 1913
- Mycetagroicus Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes, 2001
- Mycetarotes Emery, 1913
- Mycetophylax Emery, 1913
- Mycetosoritis Wheeler, 1907
- Mycocepurus Forel, 1893
- Myrmicocrypta Smith, 1860
- Ochetomyrmex Mayr, 1878
- Octostruma Forel, 1912
- 长颚家蚁属 Orectognathus Smith, 1853
- Paramycetophylax Kusnezov, 1956
- Phalacromyrmex Kempf, 1960
- 大头家蚁属 Pheidole Westwood, 1839
- Pilotrochus Brown, 1978
- Procryptocerus Emery, 1887
- Protalaridris Brown, 1980
- 拟切叶蚁属 Pseudoatta Gallardo, 1916
- Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870
- Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- 瘤颚家蚁属 Strumigenys Smith, 1860
- Talaridris Weber, 1941
- Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893
- Tranopelta Mayr, 1866
- 小火蚁属 Wasmannia Forel, 1893
- 举尾家蚁族 Crematogastrini Forel, 1893
- Acanthomyrmex Emery, 1893
- Adlerzia Forel, 1902
- Ancyridris Wheeler, 1935
- Atopomyrmex André, 1889
- Calyptomyrmex Emery, 1887
- 瘤突家蚁属 Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869
- 拟大头家蚁属 Carebara Westwood, 1840
- Cataulacus Smith, 1853
- 举尾家蚁属 Crematogaster Lund, 1831
- Cyphoidris Weber, 1952
- Dacatria Rigato, 1994
- Dacetinops Brown & Wilson, 1957
- Dicroaspis Emery, 1908
- Dilobocondyla Santschi, 1910
- Diplomorium Mayr, 1901
- †Enneamerus Mayr, 1868
- †Eocenomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006
- Eutetramorium Emery, 1899
- 蚁居家蚁属 Formicoxenus Mayr, 1855
- Formosimyrma Terayama, 2009
- Gauromyrmex Menozzi, 1933
- Gaoligongidris Xu, 2012
- Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893
- Huberia Forel, 1890
- †Hypopomyrmex Emery, 1891
- 虹家蚁属 Indomyrma Brown, 1986
- Kartidris Bolton, 1991
- Lasiomyrma Terayama & Yamane, 2000
- 窄胸家蚁属 Leptothorax Mayr, 1855
- Liomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- †Lonchomyrmex Mayr, 1867
- 背脊家蚁属 Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892
- 沟家蚁属 Lordomyrma Emery, 1897
- Malagidris Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Mayriella Forel, 1902
- Melissotarsus Emery, 1877
- 突胸家蚁属 Meranoplus Smith, 1853
- 短腰家蚁属 Metapone Forel, 1911
- 黑艳家蚁属 Myrmecina Curtis, 1829
- Myrmisaraka Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- Ocymyrmex Emery, 1886
- †Oxyidris Wilson, 1985
- †Parameranoplus Wheeler, 1915
- 细腰家蚁属 Paratopula Wheeler, 1919
- Perissomyrmex Smith, 1947
- Peronomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1922
- Podomyrma Smith, 1859
- Poecilomyrma Mann, 1921
- 双针家蚁属 Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866
- Proatta Forel, 1912
- Propodilobus Branstetter, 2009
- Recurvidris Bolton, 1992
- 粗跗家蚁属 Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900
- Romblonella Wheeler, 1935
- Rostromyrmex Rosciszewski, 1994
- Rotastruma Bolton, 1991
- Royidris Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Secostruma Bolton, 1988
- Stereomyrmex Emery, 1901
- †Stigmomyrmex Mayr, 1868
- †Stiphromyrmex Wheeler, 1915
- Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853
- Temnothorax Mayr, 1861
- Terataner Emery, 1912
- Tetheamyrma Bolton, 1991
- 皱家蚁属 Tetramorium Mayr, 1855
- Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Vitsika Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- 网家蚁属 Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865
- Vombisidris Bolton, 1991
- 异家蚁属 Xenomyrmex Forel, 1885
- 家蚁族 Myrmicini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
- Manica Jurine, 1807
- 家蚁属 Myrmica Latreille, 1804
- †Plesiomyrmex Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009
- †原家蚁属 †Protomyrmica Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009
- 毛收割家蚁族 Pogonomyrmecini Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2014
- Hylomyrma Forel, 1912
- 毛收割家蚁属 Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868
- 火家蚁族 Solenopsidini Forel, 1893
- 密家蚁属 Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897
- Anillomyrma Emery, 1913
- Austromorium Shattuck, 2009
- Baracidris Bolton, 1981
- Bariamyrma Lattke, 1990
- Bondroitia Forel, 1911
- Cryptomyrmex Fernández, 2004
- Dolopomyrmex Cover & Deyrup, 2007
- Epelysidris Bolton, 1987
- Kempfidris Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke, 2014
- Megalomyrmex Forel, 1885
- 单家蚁属 Monomorium Mayr, 1855
- Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842
- Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926
- Rogeria Emery, 1894
- 火家蚁属 Solenopsis Westwood, 1840
- Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912
- Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915
- Tropidomyrmex Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz, 2009
- Tyrannomyrmex Fernández, 2003
- 盲长家蚁族 Stenammini Ashmead, 1905
- 长脚家蚁属 Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853
- Goniomma Emery, 1895
- 收割家蚁属 Messor Forel, 1890
- Novomessor Emery, 1915
- Oxyopomyrmex André, 1881
- †Paraphaenogaster Dlussky, 1981
- 盲长家蚁属 Stenamma Westwood, 1839
- Veromessor Forel, 1917
- 地位未定 incertae sedis
- †Afromyrma Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004
- †Agastomyrma Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
- †Bilobomyrma Radchenko & Dlussky, 2013
- †Biamomyrma Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
- †Boltonidris Radchenko & Dlussky, 2012
- †Brachytarsites Hong, 2002
- †Cephalomyrmex Carpenter, 1930
- †Clavipetiola Hong, 2002
- †Electromyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- †Eocenidris Wilson, 1985
- †Eomyrmex Hong, 1974
- †Fallomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006
- †Fushunomyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Ilemomyrmex Wilson, 1985
- †Miosolenopsis Zhang, 1989
- †Myrmecites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Orbigastrula Hong, 2002
- †Quadrulicapito Hong, 2002
- †Quineangulicapito Hong, 2002
- †Sinomyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Solenopsites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Sphaerogasterites Hong, 2002
- †Wumyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Zhangidris Bolton, 2003
参考资料 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bolton, B. Myrmicinae. AntCat. 2014 [26 July 2014].
- ^ Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224
- ^ Subfamily: Myrmicinae. antweb.org. AntWeb. [7 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-19）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Ward, Philip S.; Brady, Sean G.; Fisher, Brian L.; Schultz, Ted R. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology. July 2014, 40 (1). ISSN 1365-3113. doi:10.1111/syen.12090.
