生物动力农法

生物动力农法（英语：Biodynamic agriculture），又称为自然动力农法或是生机互动农业，是一种另类的农业形式，非常近似于有机农业，但包含多种来自人智学的概念^[1]^[2]，最先由鲁道夫·斯坦纳于1924年提出，是各种有机农业运动中最早提出的一个^[3]。

生物动力农法与其他有机方法有很多共同之处 - 它强调使用有机肥料。生物动力农法独特的地方包括将动物，作物和土壤作为单一系统进行处理，从当地生产和分配系统的开始，其对传统和新的当地品种和品种开发的使用的重点。^[4]生物动力农业使用各种草药和矿物质添加剂用于堆肥添加剂和田间喷雾剂；有时候这些方法是有争议的。^[5]

科学性争议

生物动力农法的一部分主张现在被认为是伪科学，缺少可否证性，无法用科学检验。例如认为西洋占星术中的星座运行会影响各类型作物的最适播种时间。生物动力农法也主张用民俗医疗中的药草制作有机肥，例如用蓍草花塞进鹿的膀胱、洋甘菊塞进牛肠、橡树皮放在家畜的髗骨内再用泥炭包裹埋入地底、或是把牛粪塞在牛角中来产生腐植质。农学家认为用标准的有机农业手段就可以得到同样的效果，而生物动力农法反倒更像是炼金术或探地术，而这种教条式的法则反倒阻碍永续农业的发展。^[5]^[6]^[7]

另见

参考来源

引用

^ Lejano RP, Ingram M, Ingram HM. Chapter 6: Narratives of Nature and Science in Alternative Farming Networks. Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks. MIT Press. 2013: 155. ISBN 9780262519571.
^ Paull, John. Attending the First Organic Agriculture Course: Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924. European Journal of Social Sciences'. 2011, 21 (1): 64–70 [2017-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-10）.
^ Vogt G. Lockeretz W , 编. Chapter 1: The Origins of Organic Farming. Organic Farming: An International History (CABI Publishing). 2007: 9–30. ISBN 9780851998336.
^ 2015 Biodynamic Lunar and Planetary Calendar^{[永久失效链接]}; Desmond Ansel Jolly, Isabella Kenfield, California's New Green Revolution: Pioneers in Sustainable Agriculture, University of California Small Farm Program 2008, p. 114; Carl F. Jordan, An Ecosystem Approach to Sustainable Agriculture, Springer 2013, p. 126; Arnaldo Walter and Pedro Gerber Machado, "Socio-Economic Impacts of Bioethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil", in Socio-Economic Impacts of Bioenergy Production Dominik Rutz, Rainer Janssen (eds.) , Springer 2014 ISBN 978-3-319-03828-5 pp. 193-215. p. 208; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems Agriculture, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council, Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century, National Academies Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-309-14896-2 p. 21
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Treue, Peter. Blut und Bohnen: Der Paradigmenwechsel im Künast-Ministerium ersetzt Wissenschaft durch Okkultismus. Die Gegenwart. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 13 March 2002 [15 November 2011]. （原始内容存档于17 April 2003）（德语）. (Translation: "Blood and Beans: The paradigm shift in the Ministry of Renate Künast replaces science with occultism")
^ Kirchmann, Holger. Biological dynamic farming – an occult form of alternative agriculture?. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 1994, 7 (2): 173–87. S2CID 153540221. doi:10.1007/BF02349036.
^ Chalker-Scott, Linda. The Myth of Biodynamic Agriculture (PDF). Master Gardener Magazine. 2004. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于29 August 2017）.

书目

Proctor, Peter. Grasp the Nettle: Making Biodynamic Farming & Gardening Work. With Gillian Cole. Random House. 1997.

外部链接

Biodynamics Section at the Rudolf Steiner Archive, An Online Library

[networks-1] Lejano RP, Ingram M, Ingram HM. Chapter 6: Narratives of Nature and Science in Alternative Farming Networks. Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks. MIT Press. 2013: 155. ISBN 9780262519571.

[PaullJ-2] Paull, John. Attending the First Organic Agriculture Course: Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924. European Journal of Social Sciences'. 2011, 21 (1): 64–70 [2017-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-10）.

[vogt-3] Vogt G. Lockeretz W , 编. Chapter 1: The Origins of Organic Farming. Organic Farming: An International History (CABI Publishing). 2007: 9–30. ISBN 9780851998336.

[4] 2015 Biodynamic Lunar and Planetary Calendar^{[永久失效链接]}; Desmond Ansel Jolly, Isabella Kenfield, California's New Green Revolution: Pioneers in Sustainable Agriculture, University of California Small Farm Program 2008, p. 114; Carl F. Jordan, An Ecosystem Approach to Sustainable Agriculture, Springer 2013, p. 126; Arnaldo Walter and Pedro Gerber Machado, "Socio-Economic Impacts of Bioethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil", in Socio-Economic Impacts of Bioenergy Production Dominik Rutz, Rainer Janssen (eds.) , Springer 2014 ISBN 978-3-319-03828-5 pp. 193-215. p. 208; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems Agriculture, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council, Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century, National Academies Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-309-14896-2 p. 21

[treue-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Treue, Peter. Blut und Bohnen: Der Paradigmenwechsel im Künast-Ministerium ersetzt Wissenschaft durch Okkultismus. Die Gegenwart. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 13 March 2002 [15 November 2011]. （原始内容存档于17 April 2003）（德语）. (Translation: "Blood and Beans: The paradigm shift in the Ministry of Renate Künast replaces science with occultism")

[6] Kirchmann, Holger. Biological dynamic farming – an occult form of alternative agriculture?. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 1994, 7 (2): 173–87. S2CID 153540221. doi:10.1007/BF02349036.

[7] Chalker-Scott, Linda. The Myth of Biodynamic Agriculture (PDF). Master Gardener Magazine. 2004. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于29 August 2017）.

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