碎玄玻璃

碎玄玻璃（英语：Sideromelane）是一种玻璃质的玄武岩火山玻璃，通常产于方辉石凝灰岩中^[1]。通常与玄武玻璃一起共存，但不太常见。它缺乏氧化铁晶体^[2]，因此比玄武玻璃显得透明纯净，呈黄棕色，而不是黑色。它在高温快速的冷却下形成的玻璃质。碎玄玻璃的存在指出熔岩的温度较高，而且靠近喷口，可能是在潮湿环境中快速淬火形成的。碎玄玻璃经常在海底火山和冰下火山的爆发过程中形成^[3]，并且经常以碎片形式出现，嵌入到辉石凝灰岩的基质中，形成玻质碎屑岩。它是一种镁铁质岩石^[4]。

参考文献

^ R. L. Hay, A. Iijima, 1968. "Nature and Origin of Palagonite Tuffs of the Honolulu Group on Oahu, Hawaii", Studies in Volcanology, Robert R. Coats, Richard L. Hay, Charles A. Anderson
^ Pauly, B. D., Schiffman, P., Zierenberg, R. A., and Clague, D. A. (2011), Environmental and chemical controls on palagonitization, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q12017, doi:10.1029/2011GC003639.Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930
^ Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930
^ Gurenko, A., Schmincke, HU. Petrology, geochemistry, S, Cl and F abundances, and S oxidation state of sideromelane glass shards from Pleistocene ash layers north and south of Gran Canaria (ODP Leg 157). Contrib Mineral Petrol 131, 95–110 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050381

[”Hay”-1] R. L. Hay, A. Iijima, 1968. "Nature and Origin of Palagonite Tuffs of the Honolulu Group on Oahu, Hawaii", Studies in Volcanology, Robert R. Coats, Richard L. Hay, Charles A. Anderson

[”Pauly,”-2] Pauly, B. D., Schiffman, P., Zierenberg, R. A., and Clague, D. A. (2011), Environmental and chemical controls on palagonitization, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q12017, doi:10.1029/2011GC003639.Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930

[”Bonatti”-3] Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930

[”Gurenko”-4] Gurenko, A., Schmincke, HU. Petrology, geochemistry, S, Cl and F abundances, and S oxidation state of sideromelane glass shards from Pleistocene ash layers north and south of Gran Canaria (ODP Leg 157). Contrib Mineral Petrol 131, 95–110 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050381

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