碎玄玻璃

碎玄玻璃（英語：Sideromelane）是一種玻璃質的玄武岩火山玻璃，通常產於方輝石凝灰岩中^[1]。通常與玄武玻璃一起共存，但不太常見。它缺乏氧化鐵晶體^[2]，因此比玄武玻璃顯得透明純淨，呈黃棕色，而不是黑色。它在高溫快速的冷卻下形成的玻璃質。碎玄玻璃的存在指出熔岩的溫度較高，而且靠近噴口，可能是在潮濕環境中快速淬火形成的。碎玄玻璃經常在海底火山和冰下火山的爆發過程中形成^[3]，並且經常以碎片形式出現，嵌入到輝石凝灰岩的基質中，形成玻质碎屑岩。它是一種鎂鐵質岩石^[4]。

參考文獻

^ R. L. Hay, A. Iijima, 1968. "Nature and Origin of Palagonite Tuffs of the Honolulu Group on Oahu, Hawaii", Studies in Volcanology, Robert R. Coats, Richard L. Hay, Charles A. Anderson
^ Pauly, B. D., Schiffman, P., Zierenberg, R. A., and Clague, D. A. (2011), Environmental and chemical controls on palagonitization, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q12017, doi:10.1029/2011GC003639.Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930
^ Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930
^ Gurenko, A., Schmincke, HU. Petrology, geochemistry, S, Cl and F abundances, and S oxidation state of sideromelane glass shards from Pleistocene ash layers north and south of Gran Canaria (ODP Leg 157). Contrib Mineral Petrol 131, 95–110 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050381

[”Hay”-1] R. L. Hay, A. Iijima, 1968. "Nature and Origin of Palagonite Tuffs of the Honolulu Group on Oahu, Hawaii", Studies in Volcanology, Robert R. Coats, Richard L. Hay, Charles A. Anderson

[”Pauly,”-2] Pauly, B. D., Schiffman, P., Zierenberg, R. A., and Clague, D. A. (2011), Environmental and chemical controls on palagonitization, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q12017, doi:10.1029/2011GC003639.Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930

[”Bonatti”-3] Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930

[”Gurenko”-4] Gurenko, A., Schmincke, HU. Petrology, geochemistry, S, Cl and F abundances, and S oxidation state of sideromelane glass shards from Pleistocene ash layers north and south of Gran Canaria (ODP Leg 157). Contrib Mineral Petrol 131, 95–110 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050381

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