红丝姜花

红丝姜花
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支：	鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目：	姜目 Zingiberales
科：	姜科 Zingiberaceae
属：	姜花属 Hedychium
种：	红丝姜花 H. gardnerianum
二名法
	Hedychium gardnerianum; Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.
异名
	Gamochilus speciosus T.Lestib.; Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph.; Hedychium gardnerianum var. fasciatum K.Koch; Hedychium gardnerianum var. pallidum (Regel) Baker; Hedychium pallidum Regel;

红丝姜花（学名：Hedychium gardnerianum）是姜科姜花属下的一种草本植物，原产于印度、尼泊尔、不丹及中国的西藏和云南地区^[2]^[3]。这种植物是世界百大外来入侵种之一。

分布

红丝姜花是姜花属分布最广泛的园艺植物，偏好热带气候，但在亚热带及温带地区气候适宜之处也可以生长。该植物在许多地区都被当做入侵物种，其中包括新西兰、^[4]夏威夷^[5]和亚速群岛。^[6]

特征描述

红丝姜花的茎高度约为1-1.6米。叶为线状椭圆形，顶端尖锐，基部楔形或近圆形，叶面为深绿色，平滑无毛，叶背浅绿色被白粉，仅中脉被长而密的柔毛，边缘狭，软骨质。几乎没有叶柄；叶鞘黄绿色或略呈紫红色，被白粉，幼时白粉更加明显，无毛；叶舌长圆形，顶端圆形，膜质，黄绿色或略呈紫红色，幼时被白粉，无毛。^[2]

穗状花序圆柱形，顶生直立，苞片非覆瓦状，彼此分离，40-60枚在花序上螺旋状排列。苞片内卷呈管状，线状披针形，绿色无毛被白粉，每苞片内有1-2朵花；小苞片管状，黄绿色无毛。花为柠檬黄色，雄蕊红色；花萼管状，黄绿色，顶部略带柠檬黄色，无毛；花冠管基部黄绿色，向上渐变为柠檬黄色至先端略呈橙红色，无毛；花冠裂片线性，内卷，后方略长于侧生裂片，柠檬黄色；侧生退化雄蕊较花冠裂片为宽，线状长圆形，柠檬黄色，基部渐呈橙红色，先端圆钝；唇瓣倒卵形，柠檬黄色，基部渐呈橙红色，先端圆钝或微凹；花丝红色；花药弓形弯曲；柱头超出花药，具缘毛；子房圆柱形；上位腺体2个，柠檬黄色。^[2]

控制

在热带和亚热带地区，红丝姜花扩张速度极其快，其粘著性很强的种子会经由鸟类和哺乳动物传播到别的地区。^[7]唯一的驱除办法是完全挖掉其块茎或使用除草剂。^[8]

药用

医学研究发现，红丝姜花中的一种提取物含有细胞毒性，可以用来治疗肺癌。^[9]

参考文献

^ Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl.. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-04-17].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ding, Hongbo; Wang, Liyan; Quan, Dongli; Yang, Bin; Yue, Mamai; Wang, Pingyuan; Yang, Yongjingwen; Gong, Qiangbang; Zhou, Shishun; Wang, Li; Li, Jianwu; Tan, Yunhong. Additions to the seed plant flora in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-10-20, 31 (10): 23254. doi:10.17520/biods.2023254.
^ Chen, Yousheng; Song, Zhuqiu; Wei, Ran; Luo, Yan; Chen, Wenli; Yang, Fusheng; Gao, Lianming; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Zhuoxin; Fu, Pengcheng; Xiang, Chunlei; Wang, Huanchong; Hao, Jiachen; Meng, Shiyong; Wu, Lei; Li, Bo; Yu, Shengxiang; Zhang, Shuren; He, Li; Guo, Xinqiang; Wang, Wenguang; Tong, Yihua; Gao, Qi; Fei, Wenqun; Zeng, Youpai; Bai, Lin; Jin, Zichao; Zhong, Xingjie; Zhang, Buyun; Du, Siyi. A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-09-20, 31 (9): 23188. doi:10.17520/biods.2023188.
^ Kahili ginger. Biosecurity New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008 [23 April 2009]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-22）.
^ State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural Plants – kahili ginger. State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2007 [September 24, 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007年9月26日）.
^ Invasive Species Specialist Group. Details of this species in Azores. Global Invasive Species Database. 2004 [January 31, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
^ New Zealand Conservation Network. New Zealand Conservation Network. [November 13, 2011].
^ Weedbusters Weed Information. New Zealand Biodiversity Dept. [November 13, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012年1月14日）.
^ Kumrit I, Suksamrarn A, Meepawpan P, Songsri S, Nuntawong N.; (2010) "Labdane-type diterpenes from Hedychium gardnerianum with potent cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer cells." Phytother Res.; 24(7):1009-13.[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

外部链接

[1] Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl.. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-04-17].

[biods.2023254-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ding, Hongbo; Wang, Liyan; Quan, Dongli; Yang, Bin; Yue, Mamai; Wang, Pingyuan; Yang, Yongjingwen; Gong, Qiangbang; Zhou, Shishun; Wang, Li; Li, Jianwu; Tan, Yunhong. Additions to the seed plant flora in Yunnan, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-10-20, 31 (10): 23254. doi:10.17520/biods.2023254.

[3] Chen, Yousheng; Song, Zhuqiu; Wei, Ran; Luo, Yan; Chen, Wenli; Yang, Fusheng; Gao, Lianming; Xu, Yuan; Zhang, Zhuoxin; Fu, Pengcheng; Xiang, Chunlei; Wang, Huanchong; Hao, Jiachen; Meng, Shiyong; Wu, Lei; Li, Bo; Yu, Shengxiang; Zhang, Shuren; He, Li; Guo, Xinqiang; Wang, Wenguang; Tong, Yihua; Gao, Qi; Fei, Wenqun; Zeng, Youpai; Bai, Lin; Jin, Zichao; Zhong, Xingjie; Zhang, Buyun; Du, Siyi. A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China. Biodiversity Science. 2023-09-20, 31 (9): 23188. doi:10.17520/biods.2023188.

[4] Kahili ginger. Biosecurity New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008 [23 April 2009]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-22）.

[hi-5] State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural Plants – kahili ginger. State of Hawaii – Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2007 [September 24, 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007年9月26日）.

[az-6] Invasive Species Specialist Group. Details of this species in Azores. Global Invasive Species Database. 2004 [January 31, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

[7] New Zealand Conservation Network. New Zealand Conservation Network. [November 13, 2011].

[8] Weedbusters Weed Information. New Zealand Biodiversity Dept. [November 13, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012年1月14日）.

[9] Kumrit I, Suksamrarn A, Meepawpan P, Songsri S, Nuntawong N.; (2010) "Labdane-type diterpenes from Hedychium gardnerianum with potent cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer cells." Phytother Res.; 24(7):1009-13.[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

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